³ü¡B¾èÆ}ªº¦^¤ß
¾èÆ}( -542)¬O¤¤°ê¥_ÃQ®É¥N³þ¥ß©Ò¿×¡u¾èÆ}¢w¹Dºï¢wµ½¾É¨t¡v
²b¤g«ä·Qªº¤@¦ì¥ýÅXªÌ¡C©¼¦³¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¡B¡mÆgªüÀ±ªû¦òÔU¡n¥H¤Î
¡m²¤½×¦w¼Ö²b¤g¸q¡nµ¥µÛ§@¯d¶Ç©ó¥@
(µù1)¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¤@
®Ñ¡A¬O¦L«×²{¦s°ß¤@ªº²b¤g«ä·Q½×®Ñ¢w¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¢wªº³Ì¦ªºª`
ÄÀ¥»¡C¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤¡A±q°ß¤ßªºÆ[ÂI¡AÄÄ©ú¥H°ßÃÑ´¼¬°Å骺²b¤g
n¸q¡C¦Ó®û¾Ç©ó¥|½×¤Î¦ò©Ê½×ªº¾èÆ}¡A«h®Ú¾Ú¦Û¤vªº©v±ÐÅéÅç¡A§â¦¹
¤@°ß¤ßªº²b¤g¸ÑÄÀ¦¨¡u°ß«H¡vªº²b¤g¡A§Î¦¨¥H¡u«H¤ß¡v¬°¥DÅ骺¡u²b
¤gªù¡v¡u©ö¦æ¹D¡v¡A¦¹¥ç§Y¤¤°êµ½¾É¨t²b¤g«ä·Qªº¶}ºÝ¡C
¯÷¦Ò¹î¾èÆ}©Ò¨ü¾Çªº«ä·Q²W·½¡A®Ú¾Ú¹D«Å¡mÄò°ª¹¬¶Ç¡n¨÷6
(µù2)
¡AºÙz¥L¡u¤º¥~¸gÄy¡B¨ã³³¤å²z¡B¦Ó©ó¥|½×¦ò©Ê¡BÀ±©Ò½a¬ã¡v¡A¥i¨£
¥L¦b·í®É¥H¹§¼¯Ã¹¤°¬°ºªºÃö¤¤¯ëY¸q¾Çªº¾Ç·Å¢¸n¤§¤U©Ò¨ü¼vÅT»á
²`¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥L¦]¤@«×²`·P©ó¡u©R±©¦MÀI¡B¤£©w¨ä±`¡v¡A©Ò¥H¨V¨V»·¯A
«n¤è¡A±ý±q³³§»´º³X¨Dªø¥Íªº¥P³N¡C¦b¥_Âk³~¤¤¡A©¼©ó¬¥¶§±o¹JµÐ´£
¯d¤ä¶Ç±Â¡uÆ[¸g¡v¡A²×©ó±Ë±ó¥P®ÑÂk¤ß²b¤g¡C¾èÆ}±q¨Æ²b¤gªkªùªº±Ð
¤Æ¬¡°Ê¡A¾Ú±À´ú·í¬O¦b¦è¾ä 530¦~«á¬ù¤Q¼Æ¦~¥ª¥kªº±ß¦~¡C¥L¤£¶È«Å
´¥L¤O«H¤ßªº²b¤g±Ð¸q¡A¦Ó¥B°t¦X°ÛÆg§«ôªº©v±Ð»ö§¡A©Ò¥H¦b¤s¦è
¦}¦{¤@±a¥°¤Æ¬Æ¼s¡C{¤~¡m²b¤g½×¡n¨÷¤U
(µù3) ¡A°Oz¥L©óÁ{²×¤§»Ú
¡A¡u¹M§i½Ñ§ø¥Õ¦ç§Ì¤l¡B¤Î¦x¤º¥X®a§Ì¤l¡B¥i¤T¦Ê¾l¤H......¤j²³»ô
Án¡B©ÀªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡B«K§Y¹Ø²×¡v¡A¥i¨£¹ï¨ä²b¤g±Ð¤Æ¼vÅTªº¤@´³¡C
¾èÆ}ªº°j¤ß²b¤g¡AÁö»F©l©óµÐ´£¯d¤ä©Ò±Òµoªº¾÷½t¡A¦ý«P¦¨¨ä¦^
¤ßªº¥Dn¦]¯À¡A¹ê«hÂk¥»©ó¥L¯À¨Ó¹ï©óÀs¾ð«ä·QªºÃö¤ß
(µù4) ¡C¦b¡m
²b¤g½×µù¡nªº¨÷ÀY¡A¾èÆ}¥H¡uÂÔ®×Às¾ðµÐÂĤQ¦a¬s±C¨F¤ª¡v¤@¤å¡A´¦
¥Ü¨ä¡uÃø¦æ¹D¡v¡u©ö¦æ¹D¡vªº©v±Ð§à¾Ü¡A¥X©óÀs¾ð
(µù5) ¡C¦Ó¦b¡mÆg
ªüÀ±ªû¦òÔU¡n¸Ì¡A¤]¦³°Ñ·ÓµÐ´£¯d¤äĶ¡m¤J·«¦÷¸g¡n¤¤Äa°O¡uÀs¾ð¦w
¼Ö°ê©¹¥Í¡vªº²ª¸ñ
(µù6) ¡C¤×¨ä¬O¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¤¤¡A¥L¤j¶q¤Þ¥Îù¤°
ªù¤U¸ÑªÅ²Ä¤@ªº¹¬»F(374-414) ¡m»F½×¡nµ¥¤å³¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A§ó¥i·Q¨£¨ä¹ï
Às¾ð«ä·Qªº¶ÉªA¡C¹ïÀs¾ð¨ä¤Hªººë¯«´÷¥õ¡A¦b¦P®É¥Nªº¹D¸àªºµoÄ@¤å
¸Ì¥ç¥i¨£¤Î
(µù7) ¡A¾èÆ}§@¬°¤@¦ì¥|½×¾Ç®{¡A¥L¹ïÀs¾ðªººA«×¡A±q«ä
·Qªº²z¸ÑÂà¤Æ¨ì«H¥õªº»{¦P¡A¥i»¡¤]¬O²z©Ò·íµMªº¡C¤£¹L¡A¡m²b¤g½×
µù¡n¤D¬O¥@Æ[¡m²b¤g½×¡nªºª`ÄÀ®Ñ¡A¦pªG¤í¯Ê¹ï©ó¥@¿Ë«ä·Qªº²z¸Ñ¡A
°ò¥»¤W¤]¬O¤£¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A¾èÆ}¦bµ²¦X¥@¿Ëªº°ßÃÑ«ä·Q©MÀs¾ð
ªº¤¤Æ[«ä·Q¤W¡A¬O¦³¥LÓ¤Hªº¿W¨ì¤§¨£ªº¡C
¥H¤U¡A¯÷¥H¾èÆ}ªº¥Nªí§@¢w¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¢w¬°¤¤¤ß¡A¨Ã¹ï·Ó¥_ÃQ
ª÷¥Û¸O»Êªº¸ê®Æ¡A±´¨s¨ä²b¤g«ä·Qªº¯S¦â¤Î·N¸q©Ò¦b¡C
¶L¡B¾èÆ}ªº¦òªû¨¤gÆ[
49¶
¾èÆ}¦b¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n(¥H¤U²¤ºÙ¬°¡m½×µù¡n)¤W¨÷¡A¥H¡u¦ò¥»¦ó¬G
°_¦¹²øÄY²b¤g¡v¤§©w«¬¥y¡A¢wÄÄ©ú¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤©Ò¿×²b¤gªº¤G¤Q
¤EºØ¥\¼w²øÄY¡A¤U¨÷«h¥H¡u¦¹¤ª¦ó¤£¥i«äij......²j¥i«äij¡v¤§º§À
¤@³eªº©w«¬¥y¡A´yz²b¤gªºµ´¹ï¶W¶Vªº©Ê½è¡C¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡A¦¹¤D»¡©ú¤W
¨÷¬O¥H²b¤gªº¦]¬°¥D¡A¤U¨÷¬O¥H²b¤gªºªG¬°¥D
(µù8)¦Ó¾èÆ}¨s³º¬O¥H
¦óµ¥Æ[ÂI³e³q¦¹¤@À±ªû¨¤gªº¤£¥i«äij©Ê¡H
¤@¡B¥@¿Ëªº¡uµL¬°ªk¨¡v»¡
¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤¡A²b¤gªº²øÄY¥\¼w¢w§Y¦ò°ê¤g¡BªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡B½Ñ
µÐÂĪº¤TºØ²øÄY¢w¬OÁ`Âk©óªüÀ±ªû¦òªºÄ@¤ß¡A¦Ó³Ì«áÂk©ó¡u¤@ªk¥y¡v
¡C¾èÆ}¥¿¬O¦]¬°¥@¿Ë³o¤@¬q¡u¦¹¤TºØ¦¨´N¡BÄ@¤ß²øÄY¡B²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y
¬G¡vªº¤å³¹¦Ó¶}±Ò¤F²b¤gªùªº¼z²´¡C
¯÷º¥ý±q¡u²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡vªºì¤å¡A¨Ó¦Ò¹î¥@¿Ëªº²b¤g«ä·Q¡C
¦V»¡¦ò°ê¤g¥\¼w²øÄY¦¨´N¡B¦ò¥\¼w²øÄY¦¨´N¡BµÐÂÄ¥\¼w¦¨´N¡B
¦¹¤TºØ¦¨´NÄ@¤ß²øÄY¡B²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡C¤@ªk¥yªÌ¡B¿×²M²b¥y
¡C²M²b¥yªÌ¡B¿×¯u¹ê´¼¼zµL¬°ªk¨(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B841¶¤¤)¡C
¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡²b¤gªº¤TºØ²øÄY¡B¤G¤Q¤EºØ¥\¼w¦¨´N¡A·½©ó¡mÄá¤j¼½×¡nªº
¤Q¤K¶ê²b¤§»¡
(µù9) ¡C¡mÄá¤j¼½×¡n¸Ì¡A¤Q¤K¶ê²b»¡«Y³Q¦C¦b¦³Ãö¦ò
ªº¨ü¥Î¨ªº¶µ¥Ø¤§¤¤¡A¦ý¬O¶ê²b(sampad)¤@»y«h©M°ßÃѤT©Êªº¶ê¦¨¹ê
©Ê(parinispanna)ªº¤º®e¬Û·í
(µù10)¡C¡mÄá¤j¼½×¡n¤¤¤Q¤K¶ê²bªº¥ô
¤@ªÌ³£¦¬Äá©ó¤@¶ê²b¡A¹ï·Ó©ó¦¹¡A¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤ªº¤TºØ²øÄY¡B¤G¤Q¤E
ºØ¦¨´N«h¥þ³¡³QÂk©ó¤@ªk¥y¡×¤@²M²b¥y¡×µL¬°ªk¨¡C¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡ªº¡u¤@
ªk¥y¡v¡A¡u¤@ªk¡v·N¬°¯u¦pªk©Ê¡B¡u¥y¡v(pada)¬°¨Ì¨Æ©Î¨Ì³B¡A¥ç§Y
¯u¦pªk©Êªº¨Ì³B¡CY¨Ì¤¤Æ[ªº»¡ªk¡A²Ä¤@¸q¿Íªº¯u¦p¬O°¼«©ó½t°_©Ê
ªÅ¤§¡uªÅ¡vªº·N²[¡A¦Ó¦b·ì¦÷°ßÃѸ̡A«h¬O«ü³Ó¸q¿Í¯u¦p¦b¥@«U¤W¬°
§e¥Ü¯u¹ê¸qªº¥²µMªºÅã²{¡A¨ä©Ò°¾«ªº¬O¤@ºØ¡uµL¤§¦³¡v¸q
(µù11)¡C
§ó´N¡u²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡vªº¤å¯ß¥[¥H¦Ò¹î¡A¡u²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡v¤@¤å
¬J¦³¡u¬G¡v¤§¦rµü¡A·í«Y«eÀY©Òz¡u¤TºØ¦¨´NÄ@¤ß²øÄY¡v©Ò¿à¥H¦¨¥ß
ªº°ò½L©Ò¦b¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A²b¤gªº²øÄY¥\¼w¢w§Y¦ò°ê¤g¡BªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡B½ÑµÐ
ÂĪº¤TºØ²øÄY¢w¬O¥ß©ó¡u¦¹¤TºØ¦¨´N¡BÄ@¤ß²øÄY¡B²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡v
¤§©Ò¿×¤@ªk¥y(¯u¦p)¡÷¥»Ä@¡÷²b¤g²øÄYªº½×²z¡C´N¤@¥y(¯u¦p)¡÷¥»Ä@
¡÷²b¤g²øÄYªºì«h¦Ó¨¥¡A¦¹§Y·N¨ýµÛÀ±ªû¨¤gªººØºØ²øÄY¬O¨Ì¯u¦pªk
¬Éµ¥¬y¦Ó¦³
(µù12)¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b¥@¿Ëªº²b¤g«ä·Q¸Ì¡A²b¤gªº²M²b²øÄYÁö
«Y°ß¤ß©Ò²{¡A¦ý¥¦¨Ã«D©â¶HªºªÅ²z¡A¦Ó¬OªÅ©Ê¯u¦p¦b¥@¶¡©ÒÅã²{ªº¬¡
°Êª¬ºA¡A¥ç§Y²M²b´¼¼zªº¨ãÅ骺¬yÅS¢w©Ò¿×¡uªk¨µ¥¬y¡v¡C
¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤¡A¦¹ºØªk¨µ¥¬yªº«ä·Q¬OIJ¥Ø¥i¨£ªº¡C¡u¤Q¤CºØ¦ò
¤g²øÄY¡vªº¬q¸¨¸Ì¡A¥@¿Ë¥H¡u¼¯¥§Ä_¯]¡vÄ´³ë¦ò¤g²øÄYªº¤£«äij©Ê (
µù13)¡C¡u¼¯¥§Ä_¯]¡v¤§»¡¡A©M¡m¤Q
50¶
¦a¸g½×¡n¤¤¡uÄ´¦p¤j¼¯¥§Ä_¯]¹L¤QÄ_©Ê¡vªº»¡ªkÃþ¦ü
(µù14)¡A³£Åã¥Ü
¥X¤@ºØ¥»·½ªº¥ß³õ¡C¯S§O¬O¦b²Ä¤T¡u©Ê¥\¼w¦¨´N¡v¡A¦p¦P¡u¥¿¹D¤j·O
´d¡B¥X¥@µ½®Ú¥Í¡vªºÔU¤å©Ò¥Ü
(µù15)¡A²b¤g¬O¥ÑµLº|¤ß¢wµL¤À§O´¼ (
¥¿¹D) ©M«á±o²M²b´¼(¤j·O´d)¢w©Ò¥Í°_ªº¶ê¦¨¹êªºªk¬É¡C¤Z¦¹¡A©M¡m
Äá½×¡n¡uªG¶ê²b¡v©Ò»¡²b¤g¡u¥H³Ì²M²b¦Û¦b°ßÃÑ´¼¬°Åé¡vªº¤å·N¬Û¦P
(µù16)¡A¬Ò©Ó»{²b¤g¬O¥H¦p¨Óªº²bÃѬ°Åé¡F©Ò©yª`·Nªº¬O¡A¡m²b¤g½×
¡n¡u¤KºØ¦ò¥\¼w²øÄY¡v¤¤¡u¤£µê§@¦í«ù¥\¼w¡vªº¤@¶µ¸Ì¡A©Ò¿×¡uÆ[¦ò
¥»Ä@¤O¡vªº¥»Ä@«ä·Q«h·~¤wµÞªÞ
(µù17)¡C
¤S¡A¡u¥|ºØµÐÂIJøÄY¡vªº¬q¸¨¸Ì¡A¦òªº¨ü¥Î¨©MÅܤƨ¤]³Qªí²{
¬°¤@ºØ³s³eªºµ¥¬yªºª¬ºA¡C¦b°ßÃÑ«ä·Q¤¤¡A¥»¨Ó¡A¦òªºÃÒ®©ªº¥@¬É¬O
ÂàÂø¬V¬°²M²bªºÂàÃѦ¨´¼ªºª¬ºA¡C¨Ì¦¹¤@Âà´«ªº²M²bªº¤j¶êÃè´¼¥Í°_
¨ä¥Lªº¤T´¼¢w¥µ¥´¼¡BÆ[¹î´¼¡B©Ò§@´¼¡A¤DÅã²{²³¥Í¥@¶¡©M¾¹¥@¶¡¡C
³o¤]§Î¦¨¤F¥H¥|´¼°t¸m¤T¨ªº»¡ªk¡C¦ý¬O¡AY¤ÀªR¡u¥|ºØµÐÂIJøÄY¡v
¤¤¡A¡u¤@ªÌ©ó¤@¦ò¤g¨¤£°Ê·n(ªk¨)¡B¦Ó¹M¤Q¤èºØºØÀ³¤Æ(À³¤Æ¨)¡u
¤GªÌ©¼À³¤Æ¨(À³¤Æ¨)¡B¤@¤Á®É¤£«e¤£«á¡B¤@¤ß¤@©À©ñ¤j¥ú©ú(ªk¨)
¡v¡u¤TªÌ©¼©ó¤@¤Á¥@¬ÉµL¾l......Æg½Ñ¦ò¥\¼w(À³¤Æ¨)¡BµL¦³¤À§O¤ß
¬G(ªk¨)¡v¡u¥|ªÌ©¼©ó¤Q¤è¤@¤Á¥@¬ÉµL¤TÄ_³B(À³¤Æ¨)......¹M¥Ü¥O
¸Ñ¦p¹êצæ¡v¡Bµ¥¤å³¹¥iª¾
(µù18)¡A¥¦¨Ã«D¦p¦P¤@¯ëªºªk¨¡÷³ø¨¡÷
¤Æ¨ªº¹Ï¦¡¡AµL¹ç¬O§e²{µÛ±qªk¨¨ìÀ³¤Æ¨¡B±qÀ³¤Æ¨¨ìªk¨ªº¤@ºØ
Àôª¬ªº°ÊºAªºÃö«Y¡C
n¤§¡A¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡²b¤gªº¤TºØ²øÄY¡B¤G¤Q¤EºØ¥\¼w¦¨´N¡A¦P©ó¡mÄá
¤j¼½×¡nªº¤Q¤K¶ê²b¡A°ò¥»¤W³£¬O¥H¦p¨Óªº²bÃѬ°¥XµoÂI¡C©Ò¤£¦Pªº
¬O¡A´N¥@¿Ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¥LÁö¥¼§_»{À±ªû²b¤g¬O¨ü¥Î¨¡A¦ýµL¹ç¬O§ó«µø¨ä
ÄÝ©óªk¨µ¥¬yªº¯S©Ê¡C¦Ó¦¹¤@¥@¿Ëªºªk¨«ä·Q¡A¥¦¦b¬YºØµ{«×¤W¥]§t
¦³ªüÀ±ªû¦òÄ@¤ß²øÄYªº¥L¤O«ä·Q¡A¤]¬O¤£¥i§_»{ªº¨Æ¹ê¡C
¤G¡B¾èÆ}ªº¡u¤GºØªk¨¡v»¡
¾èÆ}ªº²b¤g«ä·Q¡A¦p¤W©Òz¡A«Y±Ò»X©ó¥@¿Ë¡u¦¹¤TºØ¦¨´N¡BÄ@¤ß
²øÄY¡B²¤»¡¤J¤@ªk¥y¬G¡v¤§¡u¤@ªk¥y¡v»¡¡A¦ý¥L¯S§O¥H¡u²b¤JÄ@¤ß³¹
¡v¬°¦W¼ÐÁ|¨ä¸q¡C¦p¦P¡uÀ³ª¾¦¹¤TºØ²øÄY¦¨´N¡B¥Ñ¥»¥|¤Q¤Kµ¥²M²bÄ@
¤ß¤§©Ò²øÄY¡B¦]²b¬GªG²b¡B«DµL¦]¥L¦]¦³¤]¡v¤@¤å©Ò¥Ü
(µù19)¡A¾èÆ}
Áö©Ó»{¥@¿Ëªº°ß¤ß«ä·Q¡A¤]¤F¸Ñ²b¤g¬O¥ß¨¬©ó¡u¦]²b¬GªG²b¡vªº¹D²z
¡A¦ýÁÙ¬O¹ç¥i±M±qªüÀ±ªû¦òªº²M²b¥»Ä@¥hÅé·|¡B¸ÑÄÀÀ±ªû¨¤gªº®Ú·½
¡C
¦bª`ÄÀ¡u©Ê¥\¼w¦¨´N¡v(¡u¦]¶ê²b¡v)ªº¤å³¹¸Ì¡A¾èÆ}Á|¥X¦p¤Uªº
¤¸q¡A»¡©ú²b¤g¦s¦bªº®Ú¥»ì²z¡C
Æ«©Ê¬O¥»¸q¡B¨¥¦¹²b¤gÀH¶¶ªk©Ê¤£¨Äªk¥»
Ƭ¤S¨¥¿n²ß¦¨©Ê¡B«üªkÂõÐÂĶ°½Ñªiù»e¿n²ß©Ò¦¨
Ʃʪ̬O¸tºØ©Ê¡B§ÇªkÂõÐÂÄ......©ó¬O©Ê¤¤µo°_¥|¤Q¤K¤jÄ@×°_¦¹
¤g
Æ®ªG¤¤»¡¦]¬G¦W¬°©Ê
51¶
Ư¤S¨¥©ÊªÌ¥²µM¸q¤£§ï¸q¡B¦p®ü©Ê¤@¨ý....²¦³º¬Ò±o²M²b¥µ¥µL¬°ªk
¨(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B828¶¤¤¤U)
¨ä¤¤¡AÆ«ÆÆ®¤TªÌ¡A¬O±qªüÀ±ªû¦òªº¡uªk©Ê¡v¡B¡u¸tºØ©Ê¡v¡B¡uªG¤¤
»¡¦]¡vµ¥²b¤gªºªG¦ì¨Ó»¡©ú²b¤gªº¦]¦ì¡A¦¹¥ç§Yªí¥Ü²b¤g°ß¬O±q¦ò¦Û
¨ªº¥ß³õ¢wªk©Ê¡B¸tºØ©Ê¡BªG¦a¢w¤è«K¥Ü²{¡A´«¨¥¤§¡A¾èÆ}©Ò¤@¦A±j
½Õªº´N¬O¡u©ú©¼²b¤g¬OªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Ó²M²b¥»Ä@µL¥Í¤§¥Í¡B«D¦p¤T¦³µê¦k
¥Í¤]¡vªº¡uªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Ó²M²b¥»Ä@¡v
(µù20)¡C
¥H¦òªº¡uÄ@¤ß¡v¬°«e´£¡A¾èÆ}²×©ó¶W¥X¤¤Æ[«ä·Qªºªk¨¡B¥Í¨ªº
¤G¨»¡©M°ßÃÑ«ä·Qªºªk¡B³ø¡B¤Æªº¤T¨»¡¡A´¦Á|¤F¥LÓ¤H¿W¯Sªº¤GºØ
ªk¨»¡¢w¡uªk©Êªk¨¡v©M¡u¤è«Kªk¨¡v¡C¦b¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¤U¨÷¡u²Ä¥|
²b¤JÄ@¤ß¡v³¹¡A¾èÆ}¦p¤U¦a±Ôz¥Lªº¤GºØªk¨»¡¡C
¤W°ê¤g²øÄY¤Q¤C¥y¡B¦p¨Ó¤K¥y¡BµÐÂÄ¥|¥y¬°¼s¡F¤J¤@ªk¥y¬°²¤
¡C¦ó¬G¥Ü²{¼s²¤¬Û¤J¡C(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B841¶¤¤)¡C
½Ñ¦òµÐÂĦ³¤GºØªk¨¡B¤@ªÌªk©Êªk¨¡B¤GªÌ¤è«Kªk¨¡C¥Ñªk©Ê
ªk¨¥Í¤è«Kªk¨¡B¥Ñ¤è«Kªk¨¥Xªk©Êªk¨¡C¦¹¤Gªk¨²§¦Ó¤£¥i
¤À¡B¤@¦Ó¤£¥i¦P¡B¬O¬G¼s²¤¬Û¤J(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B841¶¤¤)
§Y¡B¾èÆ}¥H¬°¡Aªk¨¦³¡uªk©Êªk¨¡v©M¡u¤è«Kªk¨¡v¤GºØ¡A¦Ó¨âºØªº
ªk¨±qªk©Êªk¨¥Í°_¤è«Kªk¨¡A©ÎªÌ¡A±q¤è«Kªk¨¥Í°_ªk©Êªk¨§e²{
¥X¤@ºØ¶ê§Îªº´`Àô¡C¾èÆ}ªº¦ò¨Æ[¡A©M¤@¯ë©Ò»¡ªºªk¨¡÷³ø¨¡÷À³¤Æ
¨ªº««ª½ªº¤U¦Vªº¥@¬É¤£¦P¡A¥D±i¤@¤Á³£¬O¥ÑªüÀ±ªû¦òªºµ´¹ï¥L¤Oªº
¥»Ä@¦Ó¥Í¡A©Ò¥H¡uªk©Êªk¨¡v©M¡u¤è«Kªk¨¡vªº¤GºØ¦ò¨³£ÄÝ©óªk¨
¡C¥Lªº¡u¤GºØªk¨¡v»¡¡A¥i»¡°ò¥»¤W¤D¬O·½©ó¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤©Ò´£
¥Üªº¡uªk¨¡v¢w¥ç§Y¯u¦p¡Bªk¬Éµ¥¬yªº«ä·Q¡C
¥L¤è±¡A¾èÆ}¤]¹Á¸ÕµÛ±q¤¤Æ[«ä·Q¨ÓÄÄÄÀ¥@¿Ë©Ò¿×¡u¯u¹ê´¼¼zµL
¬°ªk¨¡vªºªk¨¦ò¡A¨ä»¡©ú«h¬°¦p¤U¡G
¯u¹ê´¼¼zªÌ¡B¹ê¬Û´¼¼z¤]¡C¹ê¬ÛµL¬Û¬G¯u´¼µLª¾¤]¡CµL¬°ªk¨
ªÌ¡Bªk©Ê¨¤]¡Cªk©Ê±I·À¬Gªk¨µL¬Û¤]¡C
µL¬Û¬G¯àµL¤£¬Û¡B¬O¬G¬Û¦n²øÄY§Yªk¨¤]¡CµLª¾¬G¯àµL¤£ª¾¡B
¬O¬G¤@¤ÁºØ´¼§Y¯u¹ê´¼¼z¤]¡C
¥H¯u¹ê¦Ó¥Ø´¼¼z¡B©ú´¼¼z«D§@«D«D§@¤]¡C¥HµL¬°¦Ó¼Ðªk¨¡B©ú
ªk¨«D¦â«D«D¦â¤]¡C
«D©ó«DªÌ¡B°Z«D«D¤§¯à¬O¥G¡C»\µL«D¤§¤é¬O¤]¡C¦Û¬OµL«Ý´_«D
¬O¤]¡C«D¬O«D«D¡B¦Ê«D¤§©Ò¤£³ë¡C(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B841¶¤¤¤U)
52¶
¨Ì·Ó¾èÆ}ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A²b¤g¬OªüÀ±ªû¦òÄ@¤O©Ò¥Í°_ªºµ´¹ïªº¯u¹ê¥@¬É
¡A¤]¬O¤H¶¡ªº¬Û¹ï·§©À©ÒµLªk¬}¹Fª¾±xªº¡C¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡ªº¡u¯u¹ê´¼¼zµL
¬°ªk¨¡vªºªk¨¦ò¡AY¨Ì¤¤Æ[ªº¤G¿Í»¡¨Ó¬Ý¡A¡u¯u¹ê´¼¼z¡v¶W¶V¦³ª¾
¢wµLª¾¡B¥ç§Y¡uµLª¾¬G¯àµL¤£ª¾¡vªº¯uª¾¡A¬Oªí¥Ü¦òªºª¾ªº°¼±¡C¡u
µL¬°ªk¨¡v¤£°õµÛ©ó¦³¬Û¢wµL¬Û¡B¥ç§Y¡uµL¬Û¬G¯àµL¤£¬Û¡vªº¹Ò¦a¡A
¬Oªí¥Ü¦òªººØºØªº²øÄY¬Û¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A©¼°ò¥»¤W¥ß©ó¤j¼ªÅ¦³¤£¤Gªº¤¤
Æ[«ä·Q¢w¯S§O¬O¡m»F½×¡n¡u¤£¯uªÅ½×¡vªº¥ß³õ
(µù21)¡A±j½Õ¦ò²b¤g°ß
¬O¶W¶V¦³ª¾¢wµLª¾©ÎªÌ¦³¬Û¢wµL¬Ûµ¥µ¥¬Û¹ï·§©Àªº¤@ºØµ´¹ïªº¥@¬É¡F
¬Æ¨¥¤§¡A¦b¾èÆ}ªºª`ÄÀ¸Ì¡A±q«µø¡u¯u¹ê´¼¼z¡vªº¡uµLª¾¬G¯àµL¤£ª¾
¡vµ¥¦ò¨ªº¬¡°Ê©Êªº¤@ÂI¤W¡A³zÅS¥L±q¯ëYªÅÂà¦V§®¦³¯u±`ªº¤@ºØ«ä
±©¶É¦V¡C¦¹ºØ«ä±©¶É¦V¡A¤@¤è±¡AÅã¥Ü¾èÆ}¤]©M¥]§t¹¬»F¡B¹D¥Íµ¥¤¤
°ê¦ò±ÐªÌ¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¦b¸ÑÄÀ¥Í·ÀÅܤƪº²{¶H®É¡A¶É¦V©ó´M¨D¦b²{¶HI«á
ªº¯u¹ê¤£Åܪº¹êÅé¢wªk©Ê¡A©Ò¥H¦ÛµM¦a±q»{Ãѽתº¨¤«×Åܦ¨¥»Åé½×¡A
¦Ó³s±a¦a§â¯ëYªÅ²z¸Ñ¬°§®¦³¯u±`
(µù22)¡C¦ý¦b¥L¤è±¡A³o¥¿¤]»¡©ú
¾èÆ}¦p¦ó¹B¥Î¤G¿Í¤D¦Ü¯uªÅ§®¦³¡B§®¦³¯u±`ªº»¡ªk¡A¥©§®¦aµ²¦X¤F¥@
¿Ëªº°ßÃÑ«ä·Q¢w¯S§O¬O¡uµL¤§¦³¡vªº°¼±¡A¹ï¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡¡u©¼µL¶q¹Ø¦ò
°ê¤g²øÄY¡B²Ä¤@¸q¿Í§®¹Ò¬É¬Û¡vªº²b¤g
(µù23)¡A°µ¥X·¥´I³q¿Ä©Êªº¸Ñ
ÄÀ¡A¥i»¡¨äÃöÁä§Y¬O¦b¦¹¡C
¤£¹L¡A¹ï¾èÆ}¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì«nªº¬O³z¹L¤G¿Í¢w¢wªÅ¦³¤£¤G¢w¢wµ¥ªÅ
ªºÅGÃÒªk¡A¥LÅé·|¨ì¤HÃþ»{ª¾ªº·¥¡A¤]©ú¥Õ¥ô¦ó¬Û¹ïªº»y¨¥·§©À¡A
³£¬O¥Ã»·µLªkIJ¤Î¦òªºµ´¹ï¥@¬É¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥L²×©ó¹ç¥i¥H¡u²j¥i«äij¡v
¤@»y¡A¨Óªí¹F«H¶¶¦ò´¼¨Ã¹|Æg¦òªº¡uÄ@¤ß²øÄY¡v¡C
¤T¡B¦òªº¥L¤O¦^¦V¢w¥X¡B¤J(©¹¡BÁÙ)ªº¤Gªù
°ò©ó¦òªº¡uÄ@¤ß¡v»¡¡A¾èÆ}¶i¤@¨Bµo´§À±ªûªº¥L¤O°j¦Vªº«ä·Q¡C
¥L´£¨ì¨âºØªº°j¦V¡A¤@¬O©¹¬Û¡A¤G¬OÁÙ¬Û¡F«eªÌ¬O¨D¥Í¦w¼Ö²b¤g¡A«á
ªÌ¬OÁÙÄ@¦A¨Ó®P±C¡A¦]¬°¨âªÌ¬Ò¥HµÐ´£¤ß¬°¥XµoÂI¡A¬G¦W°j¦V
(µù24)
¡C¦ý¬O¾èÆ}¦b¡u¤ºØªùº¥¦¸¦¨´N¤ºØ¥\¼w¡v¡A§ó±N°j¦V¬É©w¬°¦òµÐÂÄ
ªº¡u¥»Ä@¤O°j¦V¡v¢w¢w¤]´N¬OÁÙ¬Û°j¦V¡A¯S§O±j½Õ¡u¦ò¤O¡v¡×¥L¤Oªº
¦]½t¡C
À³ª¾¦óªÌ¤ªù¡H¤@ªÌªñªù¡B¤GªÌ¤j·|²³ªù¡B¤TªÌ¦vªù¡B¥|ªù«Î
ªù¡B¤ªÌ¶éªL¹CÀ¸¦aªù¡C¦¹¤ºØ¥Ü²{¤J¥X¦¸²Ä¬Û......צ榨
´N¤w¡B·í¦Ü±Ð¤Æ¦a¡B±Ð¤Æ¦a§YµÐÂĦۮT¼Ö¦a¡B¬O¬G¥XªùºÙ¶éªL
¹CÀ¸¦aªù¡C¦¹¤ºØªù¡Bªì¥|ºØªù¦¨´N¤J¥\¼w¡B²Ä¤ªù¦¨´N¥X¥\
¼w(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B843¶¤W¤U)
¥X²Ä¤ªùªÌ¡A¥H¤j·O´dÆ[¹î¤@¤ÁW´o²³¥Í¡B¥ÜÀ³¤Æ¨°j¤J¥Í¦º
¶é·Ð´oªL¤¤¹CÀ¸¯«³q¦Ü±Ð¤Æ¦a¡B¥H¥»Ä@¤O°j¦V¡B¬O¬G¦W¥X²Ä¤
ªù¡C......¨¥¥»Ä@¤OªÌ¡B¥Ü¤jµÐÂÄ©óªk¨¤¤¡B±`¦b¤T¬N¦Ó²{ºØ
ºØ¯«³qºØºØ»¡ªk¡B¬Ò¥»Ä@¤O°_¡BÄ´¦pªü××
53¶
ùµ^¡BÁöµL¹ªªÌ¦Óµ¦±¦ÛµM(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B843¶¤¤¤U)
§Y¡B¡u¤ºØªùº¥¦¸¦¨´N¤ºØ¥\¼w¡v¬°¡u¤©Àªù¡vªº¹ïÀ³¡A¥¦ªº¤º®e¬O
¡Gªñªù¡B¤j·|²³ªù¡B¦vªù¡B«Îªù¡B¶éªL¹CÀ¸¦aªù¡C¾èÆ}¨Ì¾Ú¥@¿Ëªº»¡
ªk¡A±N¨ä¤À¬°¤GÃþ¡A¥H«e¥|ªÌ¬°¦Û§Qªº¡u¤J¥\¼wªù¡v¡A²Ä¤¡u¶éªL¹C
À¸¦aªù¡v¬°§Q¥Lªº¡u¥X¥\¼wªù¡v¡C¦Ó¥B¡A¨Ì¾èÆ}ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡AÀ±ªûªº¥»Ä@
¤O¬O¦b¨ì¹F²Ä¤¡u¶éªL¹CÀ¸¦aªù¡vªº¡u¥X¥\¼w¡v¢w©Ò¿×¡uÁÙ¬Û¡vªº¶¥
¬q¢w¤~¶}©l¨ä¬¡°Ê¡A¥L¨Ã¥Hªü×ùµ^¬°³ë¡A§Î®e¥»Ä@¤O¡uÁöµL¹ªªÌ¦Ó
µ¦±¦ÛµM¡v¡C
¥HÀ±ªû¥L¤Oªº¼W¤W½t¡A¾èÆ}¤OÒÂǵۡu«H¦ò¦]½t¡v¡A¥i¤£¾ú¸g¶¥
¬q©Êªº¹Lµ{¦ÓÀò±o©¹¥Í¡÷¦¨¦òªº¡u©ö¦æ¹D¡v¡C
©ö¦æ¹DªÌ¡A¿×¦ý¥H«H¦ò¦]½t¡BÄ@¥Í²b¤g¡B¼¦òÄ@¤O«K±o©¹¥Í©¼
²M²b¤g¡C¦ò¤O¦í«ù¬G¡B§Y¤J¤j¼¥¿©w¤§»E¡B¥¿©w§Y¬Oªü¬s¶[P
(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤)
¦¹(¥¼ÃÒ²b¤ß)µÐÂÄ¡BÄ@¥Í¦w¼Ö²b¤g¡B§Y¨£ªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡B¨£ªüÀ±ªû
¦ò®É¡A»P¤W¦a½ÑµÐÂIJ¦³º¨µ¥ªkµ¥......¨¥²¦³ºªÌ¡B¥¼¨¥§Yµ¥
¤]¡B²¦³º¤£¥¢¦¹µ¥¡B¬G¨¥µ¥¦Õ(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B840¶¤¤)
®×¦¹¸g±À©¼°êµÐÂÄ¡B©Î¥i¤£±q¤@¦a¦Ü¤@¦a¡C¨¥¤Q¦a¶¥¦¸ªÌ¡B¬O
ÄÀ{¦p¨Ó©óÀF¯B´£¤@À³¤Æ¹D¦Õ¡B¥L¤è²b¤g¦ó¥²¦p¦¹(¤j¥¿Âà 40
¡B840¶¤¤)
«ö·Ó¦ò±Ðªº³q»¡¡Aצ檺¹Lµ{¥i¤À¬°¤Z¤Ò¢wÁn»D¢wµÐÂÄ¢w¦òµ¥ºØºØ¶¥
¬q¡C¦ý¾èÆ}¤£¥D±i³oÃþ¦Û¤Oצ檺¡uÃø¦æ¹D¡v¡A¥L±j½Õ¡A¥¼ÃÒ²b¤ßªº
¤Z¤Ò¡A¥un¡u«H¡v¦ò¦]½t¡B¡uÄ@¡v¥Í²b¤g¡A¼¦ò¡uÄ@¡v¤O¡A§Y¥i¨£¦ò
¡A¨£¦ò¤§®É§Y¥iµ¥¦P¤K¦a¥H¤WªºµÐÂÄ¡F¤£¹L¡A¥L¤]»¡©ú³o¬O¡u²¦³º¤£
¥¢¦¹µ¥¡v(¥¼¨Ó¦¡)¡A¦Ó¨Ã«D¡u§Yµ¥¡v(²{¦b¦¡)¢w·í¤U¥µ¥¡C
¦¹¥~¡Aȱo¤@´£ªº¬O¡A¾èÆ}Ä~©Ó¥@¿Ëªº»¡ªk¡A¥H«e¥|¶µ¡u¤J¥\¼w
ªù¡v¬°¦Û§Qªº¡u©¹¬Û¡v¡A²Ä¤¶µ¡u¥X¥\¼wªù¡v¬°§Q¥Lªº¡uÁÙ¬Û¡v¡A¨Ã
¥B±j½ÕÁÙ¬Û¦^¦Vªº¥L¤O¡C¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¡A¾èÆ}«h¥D±i¡u©¹¬Û¡v¡uÁÙ¬Û¡vªº
¥ô¤@ªÌ³£¬OÄÝ©óÀ±ªûªº¥L¤O¦^¦V¡A§¹¥þ§_»{¦Û¤Oªº¡u©¹¬Û¡vªº¥i¯à©Ê
¡A¤ñ°_¾èÆ}ªº¥L¤O«ä·Q¡A¿ËÆ}ªº¥L¤O¦^¦V»¡¥i»¡¬O§ó¬°¹ý©³¤F¡C
°Ñ¡B¾èÆ}ªº©À¦òÆ[¢w¥L¤O«H¤ß»¡
¾èÆ}ªº©À¦ò¤èªk¡A«K¥H¤Wz¦òªº¥L¤O¥»Ä@¬°°ò½L¡A´¦Á|¡u«H¦ò¦]
½t¡vªº«HÄ@ªkªù¡C¥¦ªº¯S¦â¡A²n¦a»¡¡A´N¬O½Âà¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤
¥H¤îÆ[¬°¥Dªº¤@¤ß¡A¦Ó´£Ò·¥ºÉ¯àª¾¢w¢w©Òª¾µ¥»{ª¾·¥¤§µ´¹ïªº«H
¤ß¢w¢w¥ç§Y¡u¥L¤O«H¤ß¡v¡C
54¶
¤@¡B¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤îÆ[ªº¤@¤ß
¦b¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¸Ì¡A°ò¥»ªº×¦æ¤èªk¬°¡u¤©Àªù¡v¡A§Y§«ô¡B
Æg¼Û¡B§@Ä@(°ø¼¯¥L)¡BÆ[¹î(¬s²ÚªÙ¨º)¡B¦^¦V¡Bµ¥¤ªù¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¡u±ý
¦p¹êצæ¬ÛÀ³¡v¤@µü¡A¥X²{¦b¡u¤©Àªù¡v¤§Æg¼Û¡B§@Ä@¡BÆ[¹îµ¥¶µ¥Ø
¡C±À¨s¡u¬ÛÀ³¡v¤@»yªºì¤å¡A«Y¥Ñyujªº»y®Úl¥Í¦Ó¦¨¡A©Myoga(·ì¦÷
)µ¥¸q¬Û³q¡C©Ò¿×¡uÆg¼Ûªù¡v¡A¥@¿ËªºÔU»w¬°¡uÂk©RºÉ¤Q¤è¡BµLê¥ú
¦p¨Ó¡v¡Aªø¦æªº¸ÑÄÀ«h¬°¡u¤f·~Æg¼Û¡BºÙ©¼¦p¨Ó¦W¡B¦p©¼¦p¨Ó¥ú©ú´¼
¬Û¡B¦p©¼¦W¸q¡B±ý¦p¹êצæ¬ÛÀ³¬G¡v¡A±æ¤ë«H¦ë¤ó»{¬°¡A¥@¿Ëªº¥»·N
¤D¬O¥H¤îÆ[·ì¦÷ªº×¦æ¬°¨ä¤¤¤ß¡A©Ò¥HÆg¼Û¡uºÉ¤Q¤èµLê¥ú¦p¨Ó¡vªº
¦W¸¹¡A¥i»¡¤j©è¬Û·í©ó©Ò¿×·ì¦÷¦æªÌ±Ð²z¦æªG¥|·ì¦÷¤§¤@ªºªG·ì¦÷ªº
¹ê½î
(µù25)¡C¤£¹L¡A¥@¿Ë¦b¡u¤©Àªù¡v¤§¤¤¡A¨ä¥»¤W¬O¥H§@Ä@ (°ø¼¯
¥L)¡BÆ[¹î (¬s²ÚªÙ¨º)ªº¤Gªù¬°¹ê½îªº®Ö¤ß¡AÂǵۤîÆ[¹F¦¨ÂàÃѦ¨´¼
ªº¡u¤@¤ß¡v¡C
¤G¡B¾èÆ}¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n°ß«Hªº¤@¤ß
¾èÆ}ªº¡u¥L¤O«H¤ß¡v»¡¡A«Y¨Ì¡m²b¤g½×¡n¡uÆg¼Ûªù¡v¤¤¡u±ý¦p¹ê
צæ¬ÛÀ³¬G¡vªº¡u¬ÛÀ³¡v¤@»y¡A¦Ó¶}®i¥X¡u¤T«H¤T¤£«H¡v¢w¢w¤TºØªº
¤£¬ÛÀ³¤ß©M¤TºØªº¬ÛÀ³¤ß¢w¢w¤§²z½×ºc³y¡C¦p¤W©Òz¡A¥@¿Ë¥H¤îÆ[·ì
¦÷»¡©ú¡u¬ÛÀ³¡v¡A¦ý¬O¡A¾èÆ}«h¨Ì¡uÆg¼Ûªù¡v°¾¨ú¡u¦W¸q¬ÛÀ³¡v¤§·N
¡A»{¬°©Ò¿×¡u¦W¸q¡vªº¡u¬ÛÀ³¡v©ÎªÌ¡u¤£¬ÛÀ³¡v¡A¤Dô¥G¹ï©ó¶H¼x¤@
¤Áªk¢w¢w§Y¡u¦p¨Ó¡v¢w¢wªº¦p¹êª¾¨£¡AY¯à¬ÛºÙ©ó¦p¨Ó¡u¦W¸q¡v¤@¯ë
¦aÆg¼Û¦p¨Ó¡A´N¬O¡u¦W¸q¬ÛÀ³¡v¡A¥ç§Y¦p¹êצ檺¡u«H¤ß¡v¡C
Æ¡(¸Ñªù)¤ª¦ó¿×¤£¦p¹êצæ»P¦W¸q¤£¬ÛÀ³¡H¿×¤£ª¾¦p¨Ó¬O¹ê¬Û
¨¡B¬O¬°ª«¨¡CÆ¢(¦æªù)¤S¦³¤TºØ¤£¬ÛÀ³¡C¤@ªÌ«H¤ß¤£²E¡BY
¦sY¤`¬G¡C¤GªÌ«H¤ß¤£¤@¡BµL¨M©w¬G¡C¤TªÌ«H¤ß¤£¬ÛÄò¡B¾l©À
¶¡¬G(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤¤)
´«¨¥¤§¡A¾èÆ}¥H¤Î¤¤Æ[«ä·Qªº¯À¾i¡AÂX¤j¦p¨Óªº¶H¼x·N¸q¡A¥L¸ÑÄÀ¡u
¦p¨Ó¡v¦P©ó¤@¤Áªk¡A·í¨ãªÅ¡B¦³¤G¸q¡A§Y¬O¡u¹ê¬Û¨¡v©M¡uª«¨¡v¤G
¸q¡A¨Ã¥H¦¹ºØ¦p¹êª¾¨£¬°«e´£¡A±N¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡ªº¤îÆ[¬ÛÀ³¡A¶°¬ù¦b¦p¨Ó
¡u¦W¸¹¡v¤@¨Æ¡A¦Ó°l¨D¡u¦W¸q¬ÛÀ³¡vªº«H¤ß¡A¦P®É¨Ã´|¦XÓ¤Hªº©v±Ð
ÅéÅç¡A»¡©ú³oºØ«H¤ßªº¨s·¥ºA¡A¤]´N¬O¡u²E¤ß¡÷¨M©w¤ß¡÷¬ÛÄò¤ß¡vªº
¤TºØ«H¤ß¡C
Y¹ï·Ó¥@¿Ëªºì¤å¡A¾èÆ}ªº»¡ªkÁöµM¤£§K¤©¤H¤@ºØ¤îÆ[ªº¯¶¯U¤Æ
¤§·P¡A¦ý¦b©À¦òªº¹ê½î¤W¡A¥L´£¥X¨âÓnÂI¡A¤@¬O«H©Mª¾¢w¢w¡u¦W¸q
¬ÛÀ³¡v¢w¢wªº°ÝÃD¡A¤G¬O«H©M¦æ¢w¢w¡u¤TºØ«H¤ß¡v¢w¢wªº°ÝÃD¡A¥i»¡
«o¬O§O¦³·»ª¡C¥H¤U¡A¯÷¨ÌÆ¡¡u¸Ñªù¡v©MÆ¢¡u¦æªù¡vµ¥¤G¤è±¥[¥H»¡
©ú¡C
55¶
(¤@) ¾èÆ}ªº¦W¸¹Æ[
º¥ý¡A¯÷±qÆ¡¡u¸Ñªù¡v¢w¢w¯ëY¤¤Æ[¢w¢wªº¥ß³õ¡A¨Ó¦Ò¹î¾èÆ}©Ò
¿×¦p¨Ó¦W¸¹¤Î¦W¸q¬ÛÀ³ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¡m½×µù¡n¸Ì¡A¦³¼Æ¬qÄÄÄÀ¦p¨Ó¦W¸¹
ªº¤å³¹¡C
Æ«µL¶q¹Ø¦p¨Ó¬O¦w¼Ö²b¤g¦p¨Ó§O¸¹......»¡µL¶q¹Ø¦ò²øÄY¥\¼w¡B§Y¥H
¦ò¦W¸¹¬°¸gÅé¡C(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤)
ƬºÙ©¼¦p¨Ó¦WªÌ¡B¿×ºÙµLê¥ú¦p¨Ó¦W¤]¡C¦p©¼¦p¨Ó¥ú©ú´¼¬Û¡B¦ò¥ú©ú
¬O´¼¼z¬Û¤]¡B¦¹¥ú©ú·Ó¤Q¤è¥@¬ÉµL¦³»Ùê¡B¯à°£¤Q¤è²³¥ÍµL©ú¶Âîî
¡C
Æ©¼µLê¥ú¦p¨Ó¦W¸¹¡B¯à¯}²³¥Í¤@¤ÁµL¬Û¡B¯àº¡²³¥Í¤@¤Á§ÓÄ@¡C
Æ®¦W§YªkªÌ¡B¿×½Ñ¦òµÐÂĦW¸¹¯ëYªiù»e¤Îªûù¥§¸T©GµÃãµ¥¬O¤]¡C
......¦³¦W²§ªkªÌ¡B¦p«ü«ü¤ëµ¥¦W¤]¡C(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤¤¤U)
ƯÁnªÌ¦W¤]¡B¦W¿×¦w¼Ö¤g¦W¡C¸g¨¥¡BY¤H¦ý»D¦w¼Ö²b¤g¤§¦W¡B±ýÄ@©¹
¥Í¡B¥ç±o¦pÄ@¡B¦¹¦W(¯à) ®©ª«¤§ÃÒ¤](¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B830¶¤W)¡C
³Ì¥ý´¦Á|ªºÆ«¡A¬°¡m½×µù¡nªºÁ`»¡¡AÅã¥Ü¾èÆ}°ò¥»¤W¬O¥H¦òªº¦W
¸¹¡A¶H¼x¤£«äij²b¤g¤§¥þÅé¡CƬÆÆ®©MƯ«h¤À§O¬O¡m½×µù¡n¤U¨÷ªº¡u
ºÙ©¼¦p¨Ó¦W¡v¡B¡u±ëÁn»y²`»·¡vªºª`ÄÀ¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¦p¨Óªº¦W¸¹¤£¦ý¶H¼x
¦òªº¥ú©ú¡B´¼¼zƬ¡A¦Ó¥B¨ã¦³ºØºØªº¤O¥Î©ÊÆ¡B¤D¦Ü¹ê¼wÆ®¡A¦]¦¹¡A
ºÙ¦p¨Ó¦W¥i»X¨ü¡u¯}îî¡v¡uº¡Ä@¡vµ¥ªº¥\¼w¡C¦Ó¥B¡A¾èÆ}¤]»{¬°¦òªº
µÁn©M¦p¨Óªº¦W¸¹¬°¦P¸qªº©Ê½èƯ¡A¬G»D¡u¦w¼Ö²b¤g¤§¦W¡v¥ç¥iº¡©¹
¥Í¤§Ä@¡C¦Ó¬°¤F±j½Õ¦W¸¹ªº¥\¼w¡A¾èÆ}¬Æ¦Üªþ¥[¤W¡u¦W¯à®©ª«¡B¬GºÙ
§®¡vªº»¡©ú¡Cn¤§¡A¾èÆ}¤£¦ý§â¡u¦W¸¹¡vªº¶H¼x©ÊÂX¤j¢w¢w±q¦ò¦Û¨
ªº¥ú©ú¡B´¼¼z¤D¦Ü¦ò¤g¥\¼w²øÄYªº¥þÅé¡A¨Ã±N¦òªº¦W¸¹µø¦P¦ò¨¡B¦ò
¤gªº¥\¼w¦ÛÅé¡A¨Ï¥¦¹êÅé¤Æ¡A¦Ó¦¨¬°«H¤ßµ´¹ï¤Æªº²z½×°ò¦¡C
¾èÆ}ªº¦W¸¹»¡¡A§ó¥i¶i¤@¨B¤À¬°¤G¸q¡C¤@ªÌ¬O¡u¦W§Yªk¡v¡A¤GªÌ
¬O¡u¦W²§ªk¡v¡C
½Ñªk¸U®t¤£¥i¤@·§¡B¦³¦W§Yªk¡B¦³¦W²§ªk¡C¦W§YªkªÌ¡B½Ñ¦òµÐ
ÂĦW¸¹¯ëYªiù»e¤Îªûù¥§³¹¥y¸T©GµÃãµ¥¬O¤]¡C¦p¸T¸~Ã㤪
¡B¤é¥XªF¤è¥E¨ª¥E¶Àµ¥¥y......©ê¦µ¤l¿×¤§n¹D¤]¡C¤SWÂ൬
ªÌ¥H¤ì¥Ê¹ï¤õ¼÷¤§«h·U¡B´_¦³¤H¦ý©I¤ì¥Ê¦W¥ç·U¡B§^¨±o¨ä®Ä
¤]¡C....¦³¦W²§ªkªÌ¡B¦p«ü«ü¤ëµ¥¦W¤](¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤U)
©Ò¿×¡u¦W§Yªk¡v¡A¨Ò¦p¡u½Ñ¦òµÐÂĦW¸¹¡B¯ëYªiù»e¤Îªûù¥§³¹¥y¡B
¸T©GµÃãµ¥¡v¡C¡u¦W²§ªk¡v«h¬°¡u¦p«ü«ü¤ë¡v¤§Ãþ¡C´N¦ò±Ð¢w¢w¯S§O
¬O¤j¼¯ëYªÅªº³õ¦X¦Ó¨¥¡A©Ò¿×¦WªÌ¡A¤D¶H¼xªº²Å¸¹©ÎªÌ©â¶Hªº§@¥Î
¡AµL«D¤@ºØªí¼xªº¡u°²¦W¡v¦Ó¤w¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤£¦ý¨¥»y·§©Àªº¹êÅé¤Æ³Q§_
©w±Æ¥¸¡A¤£°õµÛ©ó¡u¦W¡v¡u¨¥¡v¡u¶H¡vµ¥¤]¦¨¬°¤j¼¤@
56¶
¯ëªº³q»¡¡C¡m»F½×¡n¤@®Ñ¥ç±`¨£¡u¹D¶W¦W¥~¡vªº²z½×
(µù26)¡C«ö²z»¡
¨Ó¡Aºë³q¥|½×¤D¦ÜÃö¤¤¯ëY¸q¾Ç(¥]§t¡m»F½×¡n)µ¥¤j¼ªÅ²zªº¾èÆ}¡A
·í¬O¼ôª¾¡u¦W§Y°²¦W¡v¤§»¡ªº¡A¦ý¬O¥L«o¥H¡u¦W§Yªk¡v¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¦p¨Óªº
¦W¸¹¡C
¾èÆ}¦¹ºØ¡u¦W§Yªk¡vªº¦W¸¹Æ[¡A§â¦p¨Óªº¦W¸¹µ¥¦P¦ò¨¤D¦Ü¦ò¤g
ªº¥\¼w¡A¦ü¥G¦³±N¦p¨Ó¦W¸¹¹êÅé¤Æªº¶É¦V¡A¥E¨£¤§¤U¡A·¥©ö©M¤@¯ë¯À
¦µªº¹ê¦b½×²V¬°¤@½Í¡CÁöµM¦b³o¸Ì¡A¾èÆ}¤Þ¥Î¡m©ê¦µ¤l¡n¤§»¡¡A¥L©Ò
¶Ç©Ó¹D±Ðªº¼vÅT¤]½T¹ê¬O¤£®e§_»{ªº
(µù27)¡CµM¦Ó¡A¸Û¦p¤Wz¡A±q¾è
Æ}ªº¾Ç¾i¤Î¨ä«ä·QI´º¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥Lºë©ó¥|½×¤Î¦ò©Ê½×µ¥¡A¤@¤è±¥H¯ëY
ªÅ²z±´¨s¤@¤Áªkªº¹ê¬Û¡A¤@¤è±«h¶É¦V©ó¶W¶VªÅ¦³ªº¹ï¥ß¥H°l¨D¤@¤Á
ªkI«á«í±`¤£ÅܪºÅé©Ê¡A¨ä«ä·Q¦b¥»½è¤W¦³±q§_©wªº¯uªÅÂà¦VªÖ©wªº
§®¦³¤§«ä±©¶É¦V¡C¦]¦¹¡A©¼ªº¦W¸¹Æ[¡A©Î¥i»¡´N¬O°ò©ó¦¹ºØ¶W¶V¦³µL
¡B¥»¦Û«í±`ªº¡u¯uªÅ§®¦³¡v¤§²z¡AP¦³¡u¦W§Yªk¡v»¡ªº§Î¦¨¡C¾èÆ}ªº
¯ëY«ä·Q¡A±q§_©wªº¯uªÅÂà¦VªÖ©wªº§®¦³¡A¤£¦ý¬Ûªñ©óªk©Ê¤§»¡¡A¦Ó
¥B©M¤Ñ¥x¡BµØÄYµ¥§Y¨Æ¦Ó¯u¡B¤@§Y¤@¤Áªº¶ê¿Äªº«ä·Q¥ç¦³¤@¯ß¬Û³q¤§
³B¡A¥i¿×¥R¤ÀÅã¥Ü¥X¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¦@³qªº¯S½è¡C¦ý´N¾èÆ}¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì«
nªº¬O¡A¡u¦W§Yªk¡vªº¦W¸¹ÃÒ©ú¦W¸¹§Y¹ê¼w¢w¢w¤]´N¬O¦p¨Ó¦W¸¹ªº¯u
¹ê©Ê¡A¦Ó³o¥¿¬O©¼³þ©w¥L¤O«H¤ßªº®Ú·½©Ò¦b¡C
(¤G) ±q¡u¤TºØ«H¤ß¡vªº®iÂà¬Û¤J¨ì¡u¥L¤O¥»Ä@¡vªºÂkµ²
¨ä¦¸¡A¯÷±qÆ¢¡u¦æ¡v¢w¢w«H¤ß¥DÅ骺¹ê½î¢w¢wªº¥ß³õ¤¤¦Ò¹î©Ò¿×
¤TºØ«H¤ßªº°ÝÃD¡C¾èÆ}°ò©ó¤Wzªº¦W¸¹Æ[¡A¶}®i¥XÂǵۤ@¦A«½Æ¦aºÙ
¦W¸¹¥H¹F¦¨¡u²E¤ß¡÷¨M©w¤ß¡÷¬ÛÄò¤ß¡vªº¤TºØ«H¤ß»¡¡C¦Ó¨Ì¤TºØ«H¤ß
¡u®iÂà¬Û¦¨¡v¢w¢w¤@³e©Êªº²z½×¡A¥L¹ï¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n¤¤¤îÆ[¬ÛÀ³ªº
¡u¤@¤ß¡v¡A¤]´£¥X·sªº¸àÄÀ¡C
¤ª¦ó¿×¤£¦p¹êצæ¡B»P¦W¸q¤£¬ÛÀ³¡H¿×¤£ª¾¦p¨Ó¬O¹ê¬Û¨¡B¬O
¬°ª«¨¡C¤S¦³¤TºØ¤£¬ÛÀ³¡C
¤@ªÌ«H¤ß¤£²E¡BY¦sY¤`¬G¡C¤GªÌ«H¤ß¤£¤@¡AµL¯Ê©w¬G¡C¤TªÌ
«H¤ß¤£¬ÛÄò¡B¾l©À¶¡¬G¡C
¦¹¤T¥y®iÂà¬Û¦¨¡A¥H«H¤ß¤£²E¬GµL¨M©w¡BµL¨M©w¬G©À¤£¬ÛÄò¡C
¥ç¥i©À¤£¬ÛÄò¬G¤£±o¨M©w«H¡B¤£±o¨M©w«H¬G¤ß¤£²E¡C»P¬O¬Û³{
¡B¦W¦p¹ê¬ÛÀ³¡B¬O¬G½×¥D«Ø¨¥§Ú¤@¤ß(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤W¤¤)
¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n©Ò»¡ªº¡u¤@¤ß¡v¡A¬O³z¹L°ø¼¯¥L(¤î)¡B¬s±CªÙ¨º(Æ[)
ªº¹ê½î¡A¦Ó¹F¨ì¡u¤ß¤ß¬ÛÄò¡BµL¥L·Q¶¡Âø¡vªº¯Âºéªº©v±Ð¹Ò¦a
(µù28)
¡C¾èÆ}ªº¤TºØ«H¤ß»¡¡A«h±Ä¥Î¤Ï´_»w©À¦ò¸¹ªº¤èªk¡A¨Ï¤TºØ«H¤ß©¼¦¹
¡u®iÂà¬Û¦¨¡v¡A´ý¦¨¤@Åé¡A²×¦Ó±q¤T¤ßÁÍ©ó¤@¤ß¡A¤]´N¬O¡u¤T¤ß§Y¤@
¤ß¡v¡C¾èÆ}ªº¤TºØ«H¤ß»¡¡A¹B¥Î¤Ï´_ºÙ¦Wªº¤èªk¡A¨Ã±j½Õ
57¶
¤T¤ßªº¤@³e©Ê¡A¨ä©Ò³y¦¨¤ß²zªº©v±Ðªº®ÄªG¡A¥i»¡©M¥@¿Ë¤îÆ[¬ÛÀ³ªº
¡u¤@¤ß¡v©Ê½è¤@P¡C¤S¦b¡u¤Q©À·~¦¨¡vªºª`ÄÀ¸Ì¡A¥L¤]³zÅS¥X¡G¡u¬O
¥ç³q¯«ªÌ¨¥¤§¦Õ¡B¦ý¿n©À¬ÛÄò¡B¤£½t¥L¨Æ«K½}¡B´_¦ó¶·ª¾©À¤§ÀY¼Æ¤]
¡v
(µù29)¡A©¼½T¹ê¬O²`²`·|±oÁIÆ[ªº¶ø¦®ªº¡C¦ý¬O¡A¾èÆ}¬°¦ó¯S§O¼Ð
Á|©À¦òªº¡u«H¤ß¡v¥H¨ú¥N¤îÆ[ªº¡u¤@¤ß¡v¡H
¾èÆ}°Ï§O©À¦òªº¡u«H¤ß¡v©M¤îÆ[ªº¡u¤@¤ß¡v¤£¦P¡A¨ä»¡©ú¦p¤U¡C
°ø¼¯¥L¤é¤î¡B¤îªÌ¤î¤ß¤@³B¤£§@´c¤]¡C¦¹Ä¶¦W¤D¤£¨Ä¤j·N¡B©ó
¸q¥¼º¡¡B¦ó¥H¨¥¤§¡B¦p¤î¤ß»óºÝ¡B¥ç¦W¬°¤î¡B¤£²bÆ[¤î³g¡B·O
´dÆ[¤î½Q¡B¦]½tÆ[¤îè¡B¦p¬Oµ¥¥ç¦W¬°¤î......¬Oª¾¤î»y¯Bº©
¡B¤£¥¿±o°ø¼¯¥L¤](¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤U)
¤µ¦³¤T¸q¡B¤@ªÌ¤@¤ß±M©ÀªüÀ±ªû¦ò¦p¨Ó¡BÄ@¥Í©¼¤W¡B¦¹¦p¨Ó¦W
¸¹¤Î©¼°ê¤g¦W¸¹¯à¤î¤@¤Á´c¡C¤GªÌ©¼¦w¼Ö¤g¹L¤T¬É¹D¡BY¤H¥ç
¥Í©¼°ê¡B¦ÛµM¤î¨¤f·N´c¡C¤TªÌªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Ó¥¿Ä±¦í«ù¤O¡B¦ÛµM
¤î¨DÁn»D¹@¤ä¦ò¤ß¡C¦¹¤TºØ¤î¡B±q¦p¨Ó¹ê¥\¼w¥Í¡C(¤j¥¿Âà 40
¡B835¶¤U¡ã836¶¤W)
¦b¸ÑÄÀ°ø¼¯¥L¡B¬s±CªÙ¨ºªº¤îÆ[ÄÀ¤å¸Ì¡A¾èÆ}¤£¶È§å§P¤p¼ªºÁIÆ[¢w
¨Ò¦p¤£²bÆ[¡BÆ[¨µL±`WªÅµL§Úµ¥¤E·QÆ[¡A¤]¨è·N¦a©M¤@¯ëªº¤j¼ÁI
Æ[¢w¢w¨Ò¦p·O´dÆ[¡B¦]½tÆ[µ¥¢w¢w¹º¤À¬É½u¡A¦Ó±j½Õ¨Ì¤îªüÀ±ªû¦òªº
¤îÆ[¦æ¤~¬O¯u¥¿ªº¡u¦p¹êצæ¡v
(µù30)¡C±À´ú¾èÆ}¤§·N¡A¥L°ß¬O±ý¥H
±j½ÕªüÀ±ªû¦ò¦p¨Óªº¥L¤O¥\¼w¬°°ò½L¡A¥H¦¹²`¤Æ¤TºØ«H¤ßªº®iÂà¬Û¦¨
¤§®Ä¡C
¦b¡m½×µù¡nªº³Ì«á¡A¾èÆ}¶i¦Ó§â¤@¤Á³£Âkµ²¨ìªüÀ±ªû¦òªº·O´dÄ@
¤O¡A¥L¤£¦ý¥H¡mµL¶q¹Ø¸g¡nªº²Ä¤Q¤KÄ@¡B²Ä¤Q¤@Ä@¡B²Ä¤G¤Q¤GÄ@§@¬°
¥þ¤åªºÁ`µ²¡A¦Ó¥B¤@¤@Ä@¬Ò¥H¡u½t¦òÄ@¤O¡v¬°¨äª`¸}¡C
¤Z¬O¥Í©¼²b¤g¤Î©¼½Ñ¤H¤Ñ©Ò°_½Ñ¦æ¡A¬Ò½tªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Ó¥»Ä@¤O¬G
¡C¦ó¥H¨¥¤§¡BY«D¦ò¤O¡B¥|¤Q¤KÄ@«K¬Oµê³]¡C¤µªº¨ú¤TÄ@¡A¥Î
ÃÒ¸q·N¡C(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B843¶¤U)
(²Ä¤Q¤KÄ@) ¦Ü¤ß«H¼Ö±ý¥Í§Ú°ê¡B¤D¦Ü¤Q©À......½t¦òÄ@¤O¡B
¬G¤Q©À©À¦ò¡B«K±o©¹¥Í
(²Ä¤Q¤@Ä@) ½t¦òÄ@¤O¬G¦í¥¿©w»E¡B¦í¥¿©w»E¬G¥²¦Ü·À«×....
½t¦òÄ@¤O¡B¬G¦í¥¿©w»E
(²Ä¤G¤Q¤GÄ@) ¨Ó¥Í§Ú°ê¡B¨s³º¥²¦Ü¤@¥Í¸É³B......½t¦òÄ@¤O
¡B¬G¶W¥X±`Û(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B844¶¤W)
±q¤WzÆ¡¸Ñªù¡BÆ¢¦æªùªº¨â¤è±¨Ó¬Ý¡A¾èÆ}ªº©À¦òªkªù¡A¤@¤è±
¬OÂX¤j¦p¨Ó¦W
58¶
¸¹ªº¶H¼x·N¸q¡A¥L¤è±«h³z¹LºÙ¦Wªº¬ÛÄò¤£Â_¡A¤TºØ«H¤ß¡u®iÂà¬Û¤J
¡v¡A¨Ï©À¦ò¤T¬NªºÅéÅç¤]·U¤J·U²`¡C¦¹µ¥²`§®ªº©v±ÐÅéÅ礧¤¤¡AÁ|¤Z
½×²zªº¡B«ä¥¯ªº¦â±m¤@·§®ø¥¢¡A¦¨¬°¤@ºØ§¹¥þ¿Ä¦Xªºª½±µÅéÅç¡A¹ï¾è
Æ}¦Ó¨¥¨º¬O¥ô¦ó¨¥»y¤å¦r©ÒµLªkÀÀ³ë¢w¢w°ß¬O®û¨H¦b¥Rº¡©v±Ð·P°Êªº
¤ß±¡¡C³Q·í®É«Ò¤ý´LºÙ¬°¡u¯«Æ}¡v¡uÆ}µÐÂÄ¡vªº¾èÆ}
(µù31)¡A³Ì«á§â
³oºØ©v±ÐÅéÅ窺¤£«äij©Ê¡A³£Âkµ²¨ìÀ±ªûªº´dÄ@¡C¥L¬O¤w¸g§â²b¤g«ä
·Q±qª¾ªº²z¸Ñ¾®·Ò¡Bª@µØ¦¨¬°³Ì¯Âºéªº©v±Ð·P±¡¡A¦Ó¡u¥L¤O«H¤ß¡v¤@
»y¡A´N¬O³oºØ©v±Ð·P±¡ªº°ß¤@ªºªí²{¤F¡C
¸v¡B¥_ÃQ®É¥Nª÷¥Û»Ê¤å¤¤©Ò¨£²b¤g©¹¥Íªº¥@¬É
¾èÆ}©Ò¶}³Ð¡u¥L¤O«H¤ß¡vªº²b¤gªkªù¡A¨s³º¤Þ°_¤F¦óµ¥ªºªi¯¾¡H
¦³Ãö¾èÆ}±Ð¤Æ¬¡°Êªº¤åÄm¸ê®Æ¡A°£¤F¹D«Å¡mÄò°ª¹¬¶Ç¡n¡B{¤~¡m²b¤g
½×¡n¡B¹Dºï¡m¦w¼Ö¶°¡n¡B¤Ö±d¡m©¹¥Í¦è¤è²b¤g·çÀ³¶Ç¡n¡B§Ù¯]¡m²b¤g
©¹¥Í¶Ç¡n¡B¤ý¥j¡m·sש¹¥Í¶Ç¡nµ¥¤@³sªº¶Ç°O¤¤©Ò¨£Â_¤ùªº´Ý¼v¤§¥~
¡Aª÷¥Û¸O¤å¡B³y¹³»Ê¤åµ¥ªºµo²{¡A¤]±a¨Ó·sªº¬ã¨sµø³¥¡C
¨Ì¾Ú¶ï¥»µ½¶©¡BÃð󮥫Tµ¥ªº¬ã¨s¡A¦bÃö©ó¥_ÃQ®É¥N²b¤g±Ðªº¥Û
¨è¸O»Ê¤§¤¤¡AµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³ªº³y¥ß¶È¦³¤Q¼ÆÓ¦Ó¤w
(µù34)¡C¦¹¥~¡A©M¨ä
¥L´L¹³²V¦P¦ÓÄ@¥Í¦è¤èªÌ¡A«h¤À§O¬°À±°Ç(¤¦W)¡BÄÀ{(¥|¦W)¡BÆ[µ
(¤G¦W)¡B¦hÄ_¦ò(¤@¦W)
(µù35)¡C¶i¦Ó¡AY¹ï·Ó¨ä¥Lªº´L¹³¡A¦b¥_ÃQ®É
¥N¥Dn¬O¥HÄÀ{¡BÀ±°Ç¬°«H¥õªº¹ï¶H¡A¶¦ð®É¥N«h³vº¥ÂàÅܨìÀ±ªû¡B
Æ[µ¡B¦aÂÃ
(µù36)¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A¾èÆ}ªº²b¤g±Ð¤ÆÁöÄÝ©ó©|¥¼§Î¦¨ªº¶¥¬q
¡A¦ý¤]¥i»¡¬O±qÄÀ{¡BÀ±°Ç«H¥õÂàÅܨìÀ±ªû«H¥õªº®É¥N¥ýÅX¡C
¤@¡B¥_ÃQ®É¥Nªº³y¹³©M¸O»Ê
¦³Ãö¥_ÃQ®É¥N²b¤g±ÐªººØºØ³y¹³¤Î¥Û¨è¸O»Ê¡A¨Ì¨ä¤º®e¥i¤ÀÃþ¦p
¦¸
(µù37)¡C
(¤@) µL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³Ãö«Yªº¦è¤èÄ@¥ÍªÌ
Æ«²M«H¤k«¸¤ó³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¯«Àt¤¸¦~ ¦è¬ö518 ªe«n¦U¶§
²M«H¤k«¸¤ó³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¯«Àt¤¸¦~7¤ë
Ƭ²M«H¤k³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¯«Àt¤¸¦~ ¦è¬ö518 Àsªù¥Û¸] ·qµ½¬}
¯«Àt¤¸¡B²M«H¤k¡BµL¶q¹Ø¡B¤Ò°U¥Í¦è¤è«æÄ@¡ã¨Ñ¡ã
Ƨù¥Ã¦w³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¯«Àt¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö519 Àsªù¥Û¸] ¥j¶§¬}
§ù¥Ã¦w¤h¦ò®É ¯ª¥À´¼®ç®V¤h¦ò®É ¤Ò§®´ºÃø±s ¿_¹D«ÕÁô
¦Û«D¯u¡¼ J¥i¶W´M
59¶
²L¥@¤Z¤Ò¤f¨ü¸o¿n ¥½¥@¥jªì «è¤µµLºÖ »³³Î¸ê²£ ³yµL¶q
¹Ø¦ò ´µÄ@¤Ñ¤U¤@¤Á§t¥Í¦³¦D¤§Ãþ ³t³Ó§®´º ¤Î¤C¥@¤÷¥À
©Ò¥Í¤÷¥À ¦]Äݪ¾ÃÑ ±`»Pµ½¹J À±°Ç¤T°Û «íµn¥ýº ¯«Àt
¤G¦~¥|¤ë¤Ü¤¤é ²M«H¤h¦ò§Ì¤l§ù¥Ã¦w³y
Æ®²M«H¤k«¸¤ó³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¯«Àt¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 519 ªe«n¬¥¶§¡H
²M«H¤k«¸¤ó³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³ ¯«Àt¤G¦~
Ư¡¼¬Û¦X©d¤½®]¿³®V³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¥¿¥ú¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 522 Às
ªù¥Û¸] ¤õ¿N¬}
¥¿¥ú¤T¦~¤E¤ë¤Ü¤é ¡¼¬Û¦X©d¤½®]¿³®V ¬°¤`¤÷¥À«e¡¼¡¼¡¼³y
µL¶q¹Ø¦ò¤@°ÏÄ@ªø©R¦Ñ¹Ø «í¨Í¦ò¦]½t
Æ°²M«HÀu±C¦i§õ¤ó³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O ¥¿¥ú¥|¦~ ¦è¬ö 523 Àsªù
¥Û¸] ÃQ¦r¬}
¥¿¥ú¥|¦~¤E¤ë¤Q¤¤é ²M«HÀu±C¦i§õ ¬°¤`¤k·¨¤ó¤ý¯«^ ·q
³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¤@³ô Ä@¤`ªÌÂ÷W±o¼Ö ´¶¬zªk¬É
Ʊ©P¤Ñ»\³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O §µ©÷¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 526 Àsªù¥Û¸] ÃQ
¦r¬}
±Ð©÷¤G¦~¥|¤ë¤K¤é ©P¤Ñ»\ ¥õ¬°¤÷¥À®v¹¬ ¤@¤Á²³¥Í ·q³y
µL¶q¹Ø¹³¤@ÂßÄ@¥X¤¨¶m ¤T¦³¸s¬à ¦P¬zªk¿A ´¶µn¥¿Ä±
Ʋ¤B¹@C³yµL¶q¹Ø¹³°O §µ©÷¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 526 Àsªù¥Û¸] ÃQ¦r
¬}
§µ©÷¤G¦~¤¤ë¤Ü¤T¤é ¤B¹@C ¬°¦Û¨¤Ò©d ©~²²¤j¤p ªk¬É
²³¥Í ·q³yµL¶q¹Ø ¨Ñ¾i
Ƴ®]§®¿Q®§³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³°O §µ©÷¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 526Àsªù¥Û¸]¬}¦W
¥¼¸Ô
®]§®¿Q®§³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¹³ §µ©÷¤G¦~¤¤ë¤Ü¤T¤é
Æ´²M«H¤k¶Àªk¹¬³yµL¶q¹Ø¹³°O §µ©÷¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 527 Àsªù¥Û¸]
½¬µØ¬}
¤Ò¤TÄ_¯q¼í ªg¤Î¦s¤` ¬O¥H²M«H¤k¦ò§Ì¤l ¶Àªk¹¬ ¬°¤`§
·q³yµL¶q¹Ø¹³¤@°Ï
Ä@¤`ªÌ¥Í¤Ñ ±ËW±o¼Ö ©~®a²{¡¼ «í»Pµ½·| ´_Ä@ ²çºÖ¤é
¶i ¥¿©ÀµL°h§t¥Í¦³ÃѦPÂk´µ¿A §µ©÷¤T¦~¥¿¤ë¤Q¤¤é
(11)³®¦¿±Nx¬F®ç¾ð³yµL¶q¹Ø¦ò°O ¥Ãº³¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 533 Àsªù¥Û
¸] ¥j¶§¬}
¥Ãº³¤G¦~¤E¤ë¤Q¤é ¦ò§Ì¤l³®¦¿±Nx¬F®ç¾ð ·qµL¶q¹Ø¹³¤@°Ï
¤÷¥À²²Äݤ@¤Á²³¥Í Â÷W±o¬¥ ȹJ½Ñ¦ò
(12)¤j²Î¦x¤ñ¥C¹D½t³yµL¶q¹Ø¹³°O ¥_ÃQ¥½±À©w Àsªù¥Û¸] ½¬µØ
¬}
¤j²Î¦x¤ñ¥C¹D½t ¬°¤v¨²²ÄÝ ³yµL¶q¹Ø¹³¤@°Ï Ä@¥Í¥Í¥@¥@
Ȧò»Dªk¤@¤Á§t¥Í¦@¦P´µÄ@
(¤G) À±°Ç³y¹³Ãö«Yªº¦è¤èÄ@¥ÍªÌ
(13)¤ñ¥C¹¬ªY³yÀ±°Ç¥Û¹³°O ¤Ó©M¤Ü¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 499
¤j¥N¤Ó©M¤G¤Q¤T¦~·³¦¸¤v¥f¤Q¤G¤ë¤Ð¥Ó®Ò¤E¤é©°¨° ¤ñ¥C¹¬ªY
¬°¥Í½t¤÷¥À¨Ã²²ÄÝ®v¹¬³yÀ±°Ç¥Û¹³¤@°Ï Ä@¥Í¦è¤èµL¶q¹Ø¦ò°ê
ÀsµØ¾ð¤U¤T·|»¡ªk ¤U¥Í¤H¶¡«J¤ý¤l®]¿³¤jµÐÂĦP¥Í¤@³B
Ä@¤@¤Á²³¥Í´¶¦P´µºÖ ©ÒÄ@¦p¬O
(14)¤ñ¥C¥§ªk¼y³yÀ±°Ç¹³°O ¥Ã¥¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 510 Àsªù¥Û¸] ¥j
¶§¬}
¥Ã¥¤T¦~¤E¤ë¥|¤é ¤ñ¥C¥§ªk¼y ¬°¤C¥@¤÷¥À©Ò¥Í¦]½t ·q³y
À±°Ç¹³¤@ÂßÄ@¨Ï¨Ó¥@°U¥Í¦è¤è§®¼Ö°ê¤g ¤U¥Í¤H¶¡¤½¤ýªøªÌ»·
Â÷·Ð´o ¤SÄ@¤v¨»PÀ±°Çѥͽ¬µØ¾ð¤U¤T·|»¡ªk¤@¤Á²³¥Í¥ÃÂ÷
¤T³~
(15)¶À¤¸¼wµ¥³yÀ±°Ç¹³°O ¥Ã¥¥|¦~ ¦è¬ö 511 ¼¯¥§Ä_¯] ¥j¶§¬}
¤j¥N¥Ã¥¥|¦~¤G¤ë¤Q¤é ²M«H¤k¤«~¨Ï¡¼¶À¤¸¼w§Ì¤ý¥£µ¥ ·q
³yÀ±°Ç¹³¤@°Ï¨Ã¤¤Q¤T¦ò¬°¤`¥À Ä@¤`¥À°U¥Í¦è¤è§®¼Ö°ê¤g
Y¤H¶¡¤ý«Jªø«T Ä@¦Xªù¤j¤p¨£¦b¦wÁô ´_Ä@¤@¤Á²³¥ÍÂ÷W¡¼
«¯ «w¦P´µºÖ¤@®É¦¨¦ò
(16)²ßÆZ³yÀ±°Ç¹³°O ¯«Àt¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 520
¦ò§Ì¤l²ßÆZ ¬°¤`¤÷¥À¬¥Ãø§Ì ³yÀ±°Ç¹³¤@Âß Ä@¨Ï¤`ªÌ¤W¥Í
¤Ñ¤W°U¥Í¦è¤è¨Í¦ò¦õ¥k¨Ñ¾i¤TÄ_ ¸U¹Ø¦x¸O°O ¯«Àt¤T¦~¥|¤ë
¤Q¤T¤é
(17)©÷°ê¿¤·s¿³¦x¥§¾èÃC³yÀ±°Çª÷¹³°O ´¶®õ 2¦~ ¦è¬ö 531 ®Ú
¬z¬ü³NÀ]©ÒÂÃ
¤jÃQ´¶®õ¤G¦~·³¦¸¤Ð¤l¤T¤ë¤A®Ò¤ë¤@¤é¤A¥¼ ©÷°ê¿¤·s¿³¦x¥§
¾èÃC ¬°¤`©f¾è§Q ·q³yÀ±°Çª÷¹³³üÂß Ä@®v¹¬²²Äݧ̤l¤÷¥À
¿Ë³ü¤Á²³¥Í ª½¥Í¦è¤èµL¶q¦ò°ê ´¶¦P¨ä´I ©ÒÄ@±q¤ß
(¤T) ÄÀ{³y¹³Ãö«Yªº¦è¤èÄ@¥ÍªÌ
(18)¤ñ¥C´f¦X³yÄÀ{³y¹³°O ¥¿©l¤¦~ ¦è¬ö 508 Àsªù¥Û¸] ¥j
¶§¬}
¥¿©l¤¦~¤K¤ë¤Q¤¤é ¤ñ¥C´f¦X¬°¤`¡¼¡¼ ³yÄÀ{¤@°Ï Ä@°U
¥Í¦è¤è±©^½Ñ¦ò Y¡¼¡B¡B¡B¡B¥O¸Ñ²æ ¤C¥@¤÷¥À©Ò¡B¡B¡B¡B
²²Äݤ@¤Á²³¥Í¡B¡B
(19)¤ñ¥C¥§´f´¼³yÄÀ{¹³°O ¥Ã¥¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 510 Àsªù¥Û¸] ¥j
¶§¬}
¥Ã¥¤T¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¤Ü¤E¤é ¤ñ¥C¥§´f´¼ ¬°¤C¥@¤÷¥À©Ò¥Í¤÷¥À
³yÄÀ{¹³¤@ÂßÄ@¨Ï°U¥Í¦è¤è§®¼Ö°ê¤g ¤U¥Í¤H¶¡¬°¤½¤ýªøªÌ
¥ÃÂ÷¤T³~ ¤SÄ@¨¥¦w ¹J»PÀ±°Çѥͽ¬µØ¾ð¤U¤T·|»¡ªk ¤@
¤Á²³¥Í´¶¦P´µÄ@
(20)¤ñ¥C¥§¹D¡¼³yÄÀ{¹³°O ¥¿¥ú¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 521 Àsªù¥Û¸] ¤õ
¿N¬}
¥¿¥ú¤G¦~¤T¤ë¤Ü¤»¤é ¥C¥§¹D¡¼ ·q³y¡BÄÀ{¹³¤@°Ï ¡¼¤C¥@
¤÷¥À©Ò¥Í¤÷¥À¤`¥S§Ì¡B¡B¡B°U¥Í¦è¤è¡B¡B¡B¡B¡B¡¼¡¼¡¼²b¤§³B
¡B¡B¡B¡B½Ñ¦ò Ä@¤@¤Á²³¥Í¡B¡B¦@¡B¦ò¹D
(21)²M«H¤k§º´º¦m³yÄÀ{¹³°O §µ©÷¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 527 Àsªù¥Û¸]
½¬µØ¬}
¤jÃQ§µ©÷¤T¦~·³¦¸¬Ñ¥¼¥|¤ë¬Ñ¤v´Á¤K¤é©°¤l ²M«H¤k´º¦m ¦Û
±©¥ý¦]ªGÁ¡ºÖ½t²Lº|¥Í©óÀF¯B¨ü¤k¤H§Î ¿à¤`¤÷¥À·O¨|®¦²`±o
ªø»´Âß ¬O¥H¥õ´M±å¾i¤§³Ò
61¶
µL¥H§ë³ø ¤µ¥B¦Û³Î³¦±a¤§¥b ¥õ¬°¤`¦Ò¤ñ·q³yÄÀ{¹³¤@°Ï
ÂǦ¹·L¥\ Ä@¥O¤`¦Ò¤ñ°U¥Í¦è¤è§®¼Ö°ê¤gÈ»D¦òªk À±¥@¡B°Ç
¤@¤Á¦³§Î¬Ò¦P´µ¡¼
(¥|) ¨ä¥L§«ô¹ï¶HÃö«Yªº¦è¤èÄ@¥ÍªÌ
(22)¤ñ¥C¡¼¡¼³yÆ[¹³°O ¤Ó©M¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 478
¤Ó©M¤G¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¤Q¤é ¤ñ¥C¡¼¡¼ ·q¡¼Æ[¹³¤@°Ï Ä@¡¼¤Æ¥Í¦è
¤è¤Ñ¡¼¡¼¡¼½¬ªá
(23)©þ¹D¿³³y¥ú¥@µ¹³°O ¤Ó©M¤Ü¤G¦~ ¦è¬ö 498
¤Ó©M¤Ü¤G¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤G¤é ¡¼¡¼¤H©þ¹D¿³ ¬°¤`¤÷¥À ³y¥ú¥@µ
¤@°Ï Ä@©~®a¤j¤p °U¥Í¦è¤è§®¬¥¥@¬É ©Ò¨D¦p·N ¥S§Ì©n©f
¤»¤H±`»P¦ò·|
(24)¤ñ¥C¥§Ä_¡¼³y¹³°O ¥¿¥ú¤»¦~ ¦è¬ö 525
¤jÃQ¥¿¥ú¤»¦~·³¦b¤A¤w¤T¤ë¤A¤w®Ò¤Ü¤G¤é¤þ±G ¤ñ¥C¥§Ä_¡¼
¤W¬°¤`¤÷¥À¡¼®v ·q³y¹³¤@Âß ¤Û®e¤w´N Ä@¥O¤`ªÌ¡¼¦è¤è§®
¼Ö°ê¤g «í¦bÀsµØ¾ð¤U¤T·|»¡ªk±`»P¦ò©~ Y¤U¥Í¤H¶¡¡¼¬°°ê
¤ýªøªÌ ¤Î²³¥Í´¶¦P´µºÖ ©ÒÄ@¦p¬O
(25)·¨¤¸ ³y¦hÄ_¦ò¹³°O ¤Ó©÷¤¸¦~ ¦è¬ö 532 Àsªù¥Û¸] ½¬µØ¬}
¤Ó©÷¤¸¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤Q¤G¤é¦¦®Ò ¦ò§Ì¤l·¨¤¸ ¬°¤`¤÷¥À ³y¦hÄ_
¦ò¨â°Ï¦b¸]Ä@¤`¤÷¥ÀÂ÷¨ä¤T®{¤KÂ÷ °U¥Í¦è¤è¦w¼Ö¤§³B ȹJ
½Ñ¦ò«í»Pµ½¦]
(26)ªk¸q¥S§Ì¤@¦Ê¤Hµ¥³y´L¹³°O ¥Ãº³¤T¦~ ¦è¬ö 534
ºû¤jÃQ¥Ãº³¤T¦~·³¦¸¡¼¡¼¤T¤ë¬Ñ¥¼®Ò¤¤é¤B¥è ¤Ò¤jı¾E¤è°U
ÆF¹³¥H¡¼ºÖ¡¼¶¯ÁÂ¥@¡¼¤T¼¥H¦s±Ð ¦Û«D»·Å³«Õ·½¹ç¯à¿ë¨ä¥\
¬O¥Hªk¸q¥S§Ì¤@¦Ê¤Hµ¥ÃÑÅó¥È©v±Ð±R¥¿ªk´î³Î¡¼°] ¥õ¬°¬Ó
«Ò°¥¤U¤µ¬°¤C¥@¤÷¥À Àç³y·LºÖ¦p³X¡¼ÄY ·j¥ÈÁÅ¡¼¡¼§®¤â
·q³y´L¹³¤@°Ï¤G¨ÍªÌµÐÂÄ ÄY«º¶Wµ´¦âºë±XÄ_¥ú ©Øµµµê·u¬}
²®¤é ±RäÛ¡¼©ó«ÕÂÜ ¨Ìµ}©óÆF®eªÌ¤] ½t¡¼·L¡¼ Ä@¥O¤`ªÌ
¹C¯«¦è¤è²b¦ò°ê¤g ²{¦s¦PºÖªø«O¹I¡¼ ¤@¤Á²³¥Í¦@¨N¡¼¿A
¤G¡B³y¹³¸O»Ê©Ò¨£²b¤g©¹¥Íªº¥@¬É
¨Ì¦¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦bÄ@¥ÍªÌ¤§¤¤¡A¤@¤è±©ê«ùÄÀ{¡BÀ±°Ç¡BÆ[µµ¥«H¥õ
¡A¤@¤è±¬è¨D©¹¥Í¦è¤è²b¤gªº¤H¡A¥i»¡¬°¼Æ¤£¤Ö¡C¤j©è¤W¡A¬ù¥i¤À¬°
¦p¤U¤ºØªº²V¦Xª¬ºA¡C
Æ¡ªø©R¦Ñ¹Ø¢w¢w(5)
Æ¢¤G¥@±o¯q¢w¢w(10)(15)
Æ£Â÷W±o¼Ö¢w¢w(11)
Ƥ«Ý¨£À±°Ç¢w¢w)3)(13)(14)(19)(24)
Æ¥©¹¥Í¡÷¤U¥Í¤H¶¡(ÀsµØ¤T·|)¢w¢w(13)(14)(19)(24)
¦³ÃöÆ¡ªø©R¦Ñ¹Ø¤A¶µ¡A·í®É¤¤°êµØ¥_ªº¦ò±Ð«ÁI»´Á¿¡A¬Û·í«µø
¯«²§¡C¥H¦¹¤§
62¶
¬G¡Aµ¥µø¦ò±Ð¦P©ó¯«¥P¡B©G³NªÌ¡A¤£¦b¤Ö¼Æ¡C¦b¥_ÃQ®É¥Nªº³y¹³»Ê¤å
¸Ì¡A²M¤@¦â¦a¥H¡uµL¶q¹Ø¦ò¡v§@¬°ªüÀ±ªû¦òĶ¦W¤§ªí²{¡A¥i¥H·Q¨£¯«
¥P«ä·Q¤¤¥ø¨Dªø¥Í¤£¦ºªº«ä¦Ò¶É¦V¡C¾èÆ}ÁöµM¦b³Ìªì¤]¦P¼Ë¦a°l¨Dªø
¥Í¤§³N¡A¦ý¥L¦]»â®©¨ì¡uÄ@¥ÍªÌ¬O¦]½t¸q¡vªº¥Í¦ÓµL¥Íªº¹D²z¡A²×©ó
±Ë±ó¤£²æ¥Í¦º½ü°jªºªø¥ÍÂà¦ÓÂk¤ß¯u¹ê¸Ñ²æªº²b¤g
(µù38)¡C
¦³ÃöÆ¢¤G¥@±o¯q¤A¶µ¡A´N¾èÆ}¦Ó¨¥¡A©¹¥Íªº§Q¯q²ö¹L©ó¡u¼¦òÄ@
¤O«K±o©¹¥Í©¼²M²b¤g¡B¦ò¤O¦í«ù§Y¤J¤j¼¥¿©w»E¡B¥¿©w§Y¬Oªü¬s¶[P
¡v¤§©Ò¿×¤£°hÂ઺¡u¥¿©w»E¡v
(µù39)¡CY¦Ò¹î¡m½×µù¡nªº¤å·N¡A¾èÆ}
¬O¬É©w¡uªü¬s¶[P¡×¥¿©w»E¡v¡A¨Ã§P©w¨äÄݩ󩼤gªº§Q¯q¡C¤£¹L¡AY
¦A§u¨ý¾èÆ}©Ò¿×¡u©¹¥Í¡vªº·N²[¡A¦p¦P¡u©¤g°²¦W¤H¡B²b¤g°²¦W¤H¡B
¤£±o¨M©w¤@¡B¤£±o¨M©w²§¡v¤@¤å©Ò¥Ü
(µù40)¡A©¤g(¦¹¤g)¡B²b¤g (©¼
¤g )ªºÃö«Y¬O¤£¤@¦Ó²§ªº¡A©Ò¥H¡A©¹¥Íªº§Q¯q¤]À³¬O³q©ó²{·í¤G¥@ªº
¡C¥_ÃQ®É¥N¦³Ãö²b¤g±Ðªºª÷¥Û¸O»Ê¤¤©Ò¨£¤G¥@±o¯qªºÄ@±æ¡A¦ü¥G¨Ã¥¼
¨ã¦³¦p¦P¾èÆ}¤@¯ë²`¨èªº«ä·Q¡A¥u¬O¤@¯ëªº¤H±¡¤§±`¦Ó¤w¡C¦¹ºØ¤G¥@
±o¯qªºÄ@±æ¡A¶ï¥»µ½¶©¤óµû½×¤ª¡G¡u¦b¦¹ºØ¹½¥@ªº©¼¤gªº¦L«×ªº®ð¨ý
¤ñ¸ûµ}Á¡ªº¦ò±Ð«H¥õ¸Ì¡A¥i¥H¿s¨£¥_¤è³¡±Ú¯S¦³ªº³æ¯Â¯À¾ë©ÎªÌ¤¤°ê
ªº²{¥@¥D¸q¡v
(µù41)¡C
¦³ÃöÆ£Â÷W±o¼Ö¤A¶µ¡A½Ñ¦p¥H¡u§®¼Ö°ê¤g¡v(14)(15)(19)(24)¡B¡u§®
¬¥¥@¬É¡v(23)¡B¡u¦è¤è¦w¼Ö¤§³B¡v(15)µ¥»y¨Óªí²{¦è¤è·¥¼Ö¥@¬ÉªÌ¡A
¬ÒÄݦ¹Ãþ¡A³o©MÆ¢¤G¥@±o¯q¦P¼Ë¦a¡A¥i»¡³£©M©Ò¿×¡u¤¤°êªº²{¥@¥D¸q
¡vªº¶É¦V¬ÛÃö³s¡C¦b¡m½×µù¡n¸Ì¡A¾èÆ}´£¨ì¦³¤TºØ¼Ö¡A²Ä¤@¥~¼Ö¬O¡u
¤Ãѩҥͼ֡v¡A²Ä¤G¤º¼Ö¬O¡uªìÁI¤GÁI·NÃѩҥͼ֡v¡A²Ä¤Tªk¼Ö¬O¡u
´¼¼z©Ò¥Í¼Ö¡v¡A¦Ó¥H²Ä¤Tªºªk¼Ö¬°¥X¤T¬Éªº§®¼Ö¡A¥i¨£¥L©Ò°l¨Dªº©¹
¥Í¥@¬É¡Aµ´«D¤@¯ëªº·P©x¤§¼Ö
(µù42)¡C¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A¦b¡m½×µù¡n¤@®Ñ¡A¾è
Æ}¨Ï¥Î¡u²b¤g¡v¤@»y¥N´À¡u·¥¼Ö¡v¡B¡u¦w¼Ö¡v¡A¥H¡u¦]²b¬GªG²b¡v»¡
©ú·¥¼Öªº²M²b©Ê¡A¦b¦bÅã¥Ü¥L·¥¤O±N·¥¼Ö±q·Pıªº§Ö¼Ö¯Â¤Æ¦¨ºë¯«ªº
²M²b¥@¬É¢w¢w²b¤g¢w¢w¤§·N¹Ï
(µù43)¡C¤£¹L¡A°£¤F(26)¡u¦è¤è²b¦ò°ê
¤g¡vªºªí²{µy·L±µªñ¥~¡A¾èÆ}ªº©t©ú¥ýµo¦b·í®Éªº¦ò±Ð¬É¦ü¥G©|¥¼´¶
¤Î¡C
¦³ÃöƤ¨Í¨£À±°Ç¤A¶µ¡A±q¥_ÃQ¦ò±Ð¤§¤¤¥HÄÀ{¡BÀ±°Ç¬°¤¤¤ßªº©v
±ÐºA«×¡A½T¹ê¥i¥H¬Ý¥X©¼µ¥¹ï©ó²{¥@ªº·RµÛ¡C¦]¬°¡A¼¥¼©À±°Ç¥X¥@ªº
³y¹³ªÌ¡A³£¬O´Á«ÝµÛÄ~©ÓÄÀ{ªk²Îªº°¶¤j©ú¤ý¢w¢wÀ±°Ç¢w¥X²{©ó³oÓ
¥@¬Éªºì¬G¡C¤£¹L¡A©¼µ¥¦b«Ý±æÀ±°Ç¤U¥Íªº¤ß±¡¤§¤U¡A¨S¦³¤@ºØ¡uµL
¦ò¤§¥@¡vªº·P¼Û¡Aˤ]¬OÃø¥H·Q¹³ªº¡C³y¹³»Ê¤å¤§¤¤¡A¡uÀ±°Ç¤T°Û¡B
«íµn¥ýº¡vÆ¡B¡uÂ÷W±o¬¥(¼Ö)ȹJ½Ñ¦ò¡v(11)¡Bµ¥»y¡A§YÅã¥Ü¦¹ºØ
¤º±ªº©v±Ðªºn¨D¡C¾èÆ}¦b¡m½×µù¡n¸Ì¡A¦p¡uÃø¦æ¹DªÌ¡B¿×©ó¤¿B¤§
¥@¡B©óµL¦ò®É¨Dªü¬s¶[P¬°Ãø¡v¤@¤å©Ò¥Ü
(µù44)¡Aº¥ý´£¥X¡uµL¦ò¡v
¬°¡uÃø¦æ¹D¡vªº«Å¨¥¡C¸Û¥i»¡¬O±Ó¾U¦a¥N¨¥¤F¦¹¤@®É¥N©v±Ð¤ß±¡ªº¤£
¦w¡C
¦³ÃöÆ¥©¹¥Í¡÷¤U¥Í¤H¶¡(ÀsµØ¤T·|)¤§ªí²{¡AÁöµM©MÆ£Â÷W±o¼Ö¡B
Ƥ«Ý¨£À±°Ç¦P¼Ë¦a¡A³£¦³¤@ºØ²{¥@¥D¸qªº¶É¦V³e¬ï¨ä¤¤¡A¦ý¬O¡AY´N
¨ä¤U¥Í¤H¶¡ªº¦^¦V«ä·Q¦Ó¨¥¡A©¼µ¥ªº²b¤g©¹¥Í¨Ã«D³æ¬O·Q°kÁרì¤@Ó
¦w©öªº¥@¬É¡AµL¹ç¬O¥H¥¦§@¬°¤@ºØµÐÂÄ
63¶
¦æªº¤â¬q¦Ó«H¨ü¨D¥Í¡A¦b¡m½×µù¡n¤@®Ñ¡A¤]¥i¨£¨ìÃþ¦üªº«ä·Q¤º®e¡C
¨Ò¦p¡A¦³Ãö¨D¥Í²b¤gªº¡u©¹¬Û°j¦V¡v¡A¾èÆ}±j½Õ¥²¶·¥H¤j´d¤ß¬°º (
µù45)¡C¤S¦p¡u¤ª¦ó¨£ªüÀ±ªû¦ò®É¡B²¦³º»P¤W¦aµÐÂĨµ¥ªkµ¥C¡C...
µª¤ê¡BµÐÂÄ©ó¤C¦a¤¤±o¤j±I·À¡B¤W¤£¨£½Ñ¦ò¥i¨D¡B¤U¤£¨£²³¥Í¥i«×¡B
±ý±Ë¦ò¹DÃÒ©ó¹ê»Ú¡Bº¸®ÉY¤£±o¤Q¤è½Ñ¦ò¯«¤O¥[ÄU¡B§Y«K·À«×»P¤G¼
µL²§¡FµÐÂÄY©¹¥Í¦w¼Ö¨£ªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡B§YµL¦¹Ãø¡B¬O¬G¶·¨¥²¦³º¥µ¥¡v
¤@¤å©Ò¥Ü
(µù46)¡A¡u©¹¥Í¦w¼Ö¨£ªüÀ±ªû¦ò¡v¥i¥H¤£¸¨¤J¤p¼¦Ç¨·À«×
ªº¤ßºA¡A¤Z¦¹¡A¬ÒÅã¥Ü¦è¤è²b¤g©¹¥Í¥»¬°µÐÂĹDªº¤@Àô¡A°ò¥»¤W¬O¥H
¦Û§Q§Q¥L¬°¨äºë¯««ü¼Ð¡C
±q¤Wz¥_ÃQ®É¥N¦³Ãö²b¤g±Ðª÷¥Û¸O»Êªº¤º®e¨Ó¬Ý¡AÁöµM¾èÆ}ªº²b
¤g±Ð¤Æ¦ü¥G©|¥¼´¶¤Îº¯³z¡A¦ý¬O¹ï·P¼Û¡uµL¦ò¤§¥@¡vªº¤H̦Ө¥¡Aªü
À±ªû¦òªº·O´dÄ@¤O¡A²×±N¶}±Ò¥X¤@Ó·sªº±ÏÅ«ªº¥@¬É¡C¦bªe¥_ÅT°ó¤s
¥Û¸]¥_ÅT°ó¨è¸g¬}ªº»ô®Ê©÷°p¤½ð°o¤§¨è¸g°O¸Ì¡A¨ä¤¤¦³¤@¤j¬ù±n¨è
©ó¥_»ô¤Ñ²Î¥|¦~¨ìªZ¥¤T¦~(568¦~ - 572¦~) ¥ª¥kªº¥@¿Ë¡m²b¤g½×¡n
ªº¥Û¸O¯d¦s
(µù47)¡C¦¹©Î¥i±N¥¦µø¬°©M¾èÆ}²b¤g±Ð¬Û¤¬©IÀ³ªº¦õÃÒ¤§
¤@§a¡C
³°¡Bµ²»y
¾èÆ}ªº²b¤g«ä·Q¡A¥H¥L¤O¡B©ö¦æ¬°¦W¡A©M¶Ç²Î¦ò±Ð¦Û®©¦ÛÃÒªº·
®æ»á¤£¬Û¦P¡C¥L°ò¥»¤W¥H¯ëYªº¤¤Æ[«ä·Q¬°°ò½L¡A¦b³z¹LµLºÉªº¦³µL
¹ï¥ßªº¥¯Ãҫ䱩¤§«á¡A¶}®i¥X¶W¶V¨¥»y·§©Àªºµ´¹ïªº¤£¥i«äij¥@¬É¡A
¥B¨Ì©óÓ¤H²`¨èªº©v±ÐÅéÅç¡A§â³o¤@¤Á¥þ³¡Âk½Ñ©óªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Óªº´dÄ@
¡F¨Ì¦¹¡A¥L¤]±N¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡¨Ì©ó¤îÆ[¦Û¤Oªº°ß¤ß²b¤g¡A²z¸ÑÂà´«¦¨¬°¨Ì
©óªüÀ±ªû¦òÄ@¤Oªº°ß«Hªº²b¤g¡C¦¹ºØ°l¨D¯Âºé«H¤ßªº¥L¤Oªkªù¡AÁöµM
¦b¥_´Â®É¥N©|¥¼¯à¶}ªáµ²ªG¡A¦ý¬O¹ï¼Û®§¡uµL¦ò¤§¥@¡vªº¤H̦Ө¥¡A
«hµL²§¶}±Ò¤F·sªº«H¥õ¤Ñ¦a¡C¨ä«á¡A¨Ì¹Dºï¡Bµ½¾Éµ¥«áÄ~ªÌªº¬ÛÄò¥X
²{¡A«H¥õªüÀ±ªû¦ò·O´dÄ@¤Oªº²b¤gªù¡A²×©ó¦b¼sÁ諸¤¤°ê¤j¦a¤Wº¯³z
µo®i¦Ó¡¼»·¬y¶Ç¨´¤µ¡C
(¤é¥»°ê¥ßµ®ªi¤j¾Ç³Õ¤h½Òµ{ײß)
64¶
(µù1) ¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n¡B¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡C¡mÆgªüÀ±ªû¦òÔU¡n¡B¤j¥¿ÂÃ47¡C¡m
²¤½×¦w¼Ö²b¤g¸q¡n¡B¤j¥¿ÂÃ47¡C¥Ú§j¼y½÷¡A¡q´°·×¥X¤gÆgªüÀ±
ªû¦òÔU¨ÃÇR²¤½×¦w¼Ö²b¤g¸q¯aÇKÆêÇM¡r¡B¡m»ï¨F¾lÃý¡n¸Ñ»¡½g
¡B129¶¡ã138¶¡C©¥ªi®Ñ©±¡B¬L©M 8¦~¡C
(µù2) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ50¡B470¶¤W¤U¡C
(µù3) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ47¡B97¶¤U¡C
(µù4) ±æ¤ë«H¦ë¡A¡m¤¤°ê²b¤g±Ð²z¥v¡n76¶¡BªkÂÃÀ]¡B¬L©M53¦~²Ä 4
¨ê¡C
(µù5) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤W¡C
(µù6) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ47¡B424¶¤W¡C
(µù7) «D¿B¡m¤TÄ_·PÀ³n²¤¿ý¡n¨÷¤U¡B¤j¥¿ÂÃ51¡B856¶¤W¤¤¡C
(µù8) ¦®qÃ西¡D¤j¨¦¥ú¯u¡A¦ò¨åÁ¿®y23¡m²b¤g½×µù¡n92¶¡B¤jÂÃ¥X
ª©ªÀ¡B¬L©M62¦~¡C
(µù9) ¤j¥¿ÂÃ31¡B131¶¤U¡C
(µù10)ÃæN·O®ü¡D¡q·ì¦÷¦æ¬£ÇR©óÆ÷Çr²b¤g±ÐÇU°ÝÃD¢w¢w¥@¿Ë¡y²b¤g
½×¡zÇU·ì¦÷¦æ¾Çªº¦Ò¹î¡r¡B¡m¦ò±Ð¤å¤Æ¡n1¡B40¶¡ã42¶¡C
(µù11)¤s¤f¯q¡A¡m¥@¿ËÇU²b¤g½×¡n154¶¡ã9¶¡BªkÂÃÀ]¡B¬L©M41¦~ªì
ª©¡B¬L©M56¦~¤¨ê¡C
¦®qÃ西¡D¤j¨¦¥ú¯u¡A¦P«e¡B368¶¡B¤jÂÃ¥Xª©ªÀ¡B¬L©M62¦~¡C
(µù12)¤s¤f¯q¡A¦P«e¡B152¶¡C
(µù13)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B231¶¤¤¡C
(µù14)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B201¶¤¤¡C
(µù15)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B231¶¤U¡C
(µù16)¤j¥¿ÂÃ31¡B131¶¤U¡B262¶¤¤¡C
(µù17)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B232¶¤W¡C
(µù18)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B232¶¤¤¡C
(µù19)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B841¶¤¤¡C
(µù20)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B838¶¤U¡C
(µù21)¹¬»F¡m»F½×¡n¡BÉÃÄòÂøg96¥U¡C
(µù22)¡¼¤s¶¯¤@¡A¡q¹¬»FÇR©óÆ÷Çr¤¤Æ[õ¾ÇÇU§ÎºA¡r213¶¡ã5¶¡B¡m
»F½×¬ã¨s¡n¡B¶ï¥»µ½¶©½s¡BªkÂÃÀ]¡B¬L©M30¦~¡C
(µù23)¤j¥¿ÂÃ26¡B232¶¤W¡C
(µù24)¡u°j¦V¦³¤GºØ¬Û¡B¤@ªÌ©¹¬Û¡B¤GªÌÁÙ¬Û¡C©¹¬ÛªÌ¡B¥H¤v¥\¼w°j
¬I¤@¤Á²³¥Í¡B§@Ä@¦@©¹¥Í©¼ªüÀ±ªû¦p¨Ó¦w¼Ö²b¤g¡CÁ٬̡۪B¥Í
©¼¤g¤w¡B±o°ø¼¯¥L¬s²ÚªÙ¨º¤è«K¤O¦¨´N¡B°j¤J¥Í¦º¸YªL¡B±Ð¤Æ
¤@¤Á²³¥Í¦@¦P¦ò¹D¡CY©¹YÁÙ¡B¬Ò¬°©Þ²³¥Í´ç¥Í¦º®ü¡B¬O¬G°j
¦V¬°º±o¦¨´N¤j´d¤ß¬G¡v¡B¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B836¶¤W¡C
(µù25)±æ¤ë«H¦ë¡A¡m¤¤°ê²b¤g±Ð²z¥v¡n80¶¡BªkÂÃÀ]¡B¬L©M53¦~²Ä¥|
¨ê¡C
(µù26)¹¬»F¡m»F½×¡n¡BÉÃÄòÂøg96¥U¡B72¶¡C
(µù27)¹D·ç¨}¨q¡A1980¡q¾èÆ}ÇO¹D±ÐÇOÇ\Ãö«Y¡r¡B¡m¤¤°ê²b¤g±Ð¥vÇ\
¬ã¨s¡n¡BªkÂÃÀ]¡B¬L©M55¦~¡C
(µù28)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B827¶¤W¡C
(µù29)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B834¶¤U¡C
65¶
(µù30)Ãð󮥫T¡A¡q¾èÆ}ÇU°ø¼¯¥L¡D¬s²ÚªÙ¨ºÆ[¡r¡BºÖ¤«³Õ¤h¹|°O©À
¡mªF¬v¤å¤Æ½×¶°¡n©Ò¦¬¡C
(µù31)¤j¥¿ÂÃ50¡B470¶¤U¡B553¶¤¤¡C
(µù32)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B839¶¤W¡C
(µù33)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B835¶¤U¡C
(µù34)¶ï¥»µ½¶©¡A¡qÀsªù¥Û¸]ÇR²{ÇsÇFÇr¥_ÃQ¦ò±Ð¡r 259¶¡B¡m¶ï¥»
µ½¶©¥þ¶°¡n²Ä 2¨÷¡C¤jªF¥Xª©ªÀ¡B¬L©M49¦~¡C
Ãð󮥫T¡D¡q¥_ÃQ®É¥NÇRÆðÆ÷²b¤g±ÐÇU¨ü®eÇOÇDÇU§Î¦¨¤@¥DÇO
ÆýÇM³y¹³»ÊÇOÇUÃöÁpÇRÆðÆêÇM¢w¢w¡r¡B¡m¦ò±Ð¤å¤Æ¡n1¡C93¶-5¶¡C
(µù35)¶ï¥»µ½¶©¡A¡m¶ï¥»µ½¶©¥þ¶°¡n²Ä 2¨÷¡B259¶¡ã261¶¡C
(µù36)¶ï¥»µ½¶©¡A¦P«e¡B259¶¡C
(µù37)°Ñ¦ÒÃð󮥫T¡D¡q¥_ÃQ®É¥NÇRÆðÆ÷²b¤g±ÐÇU¨ü®eÇOÇDÇU§Î¦¨¤@
¥DÇOÆýÇM³y¹³»ÊÇOÇUÃöÁpÇRÆðÆêÇM¢w¢w¡r¡B¡m¦ò±Ð¤å¤Æ¡n¤@¡C
(µù38)¡u©ú©¼²b¤g¬O²M²b¥»Ä@µL¥Í¤§¥Í¡B«D¦p¤T¦³µê¦k¥Í¤]¡C¦ó¥H¨¥
¤§¡B¤Òªk©Ê²M²b²¦³ºµL¥Í¡B¨¥¥ÍªÌ¬O±o¥ÍªÌ¤§±¡¤]¡v¡C¤j¥¿ÂÃ
40¡B827¶¤¤¡B838¶¤U¡C
(µù39)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤¡C
(µù40)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B827¶¤¤¡C
(µù41)¶ï¥»µ½¶©¡A¦P«e¡B332¶¡ã3¶¡C
(µù42)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B842¶¤U¡ã3¶¤W¡C
(µù43)¥¤t¹ü¡A1985¡q²b¤g«ä·QÇU¦¨¥ß¡r 4¶¡ã25¶¡B¡mÁ¿®y¡D¤j¼
¦ò±Ð 5¢w¢w²b¤g«ä·Q¡n¡B¬K¬îªÀ¡C¤S¡B¥¤t¹ü¦CÁ|¡m½×µù¡n¤§
¤¤¾èÆ}¥H¡u²b¤g¡v¥N´À¥@¿Ë©Ò»¡¡u¦w¼Ö°ê¡v¡u¦w¼Ö¥@¬É¡vªº¹ê
¨Ò(¦P¤å21¶)¡A¦³¦p¤U¼Æ¨Ò¡C
©ö¦æ¹DªÌ¡B¿×¦ý¥H«H¦ò¦]½t¡BÄ@¥Í²b¤g¡B¼¦òì¤O«K±o©¹¥Í©¼
²M²b¤g(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤)
µL¶q¹Ø¦p¨Ó¬O¦w¼Ö²b¤g¦p¨Ó§O¸¹(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤)
©ó¬O©Ê¤¤µo°_¥|¤Q¤K¤jÄ@×°_¦¹¤g¡B§Y¤é¦w¼Ö²b¤g(¤j¥¿Âà 40
¡B828¶¤U)
¦w¼Ö²b¤g±q¦¹¤j´d¥Í¬G¡B¬G¿×¦¹¤j´d¬°²b¤g¤§®Ú¡B¬G¤ê¥X¥@µ½
®Ú¥Í(¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B828¶¤U)
(µù44)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B826¶¤¤¡C
(µù45)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B836¶¤W¡C¦P«e(µù24)¡C
(µù46)¤j¥¿ÂÃ40¡B840¶¤¤¡C
(µù47)±`½L¤j©w¡D¡q¤ä¨º¦ò±Ð¤å¤ÆÇUºØºØ¬Û¢w¢w¥Û¦ò¡D¥Û¸gÇR´NÇMÇO
¨¥Ç\½×¦Ò¡r¡B¡m¤é¥»¦ò±Ð¾Ç¨ó·|¦~³ø¡n²Ä3¦~©Ò¦¬¡C
66¶
Tan-Laun's Pureland Thought¢w¢wComparing to the Pureland
Found in Bei-Wei Dyansty's Inscriptions
by Chen Miin-ling
Tan-Laun's concept of the Pureland is a synthesis of
Nagarjuna's Madyamika and Vasubandhu's Vijnanavada. He
develops Vasubandhu's idea of dharmakaya, and presents the
theory "Two Dharmakaya"......dharmatadharmakaya and upayad-
harmakaya. According to this, He emphasizes that everything
is dependent on the powerof Amitayur's vow. Therefore, the
unique thought of the power of Amita-Buddha is formed.
Besides this, Tan-Laun interprets the Vasubandhu's ides of
concentration by samatha and vipasyna written in "The Five
Thinking Methods" into the conception of "Three kinds of
faith"......the correspondence of Amita's name and its
meaning. According to this, He emphasizes the true
virtuousness of Amita's name. Therefore, he is also the
pioneer in erecting the method of chanting Amita's name.
If we compare the concept of the Pureland that is found
in the stonemonuments of Bei-Wei Dynasty to Tan-Laun's
thought, we would find, their beliefs to the Pureland were
not only mixing with Sakhyamuni¡BMaitreya¡BAvalokitessvara¡B
ect., but also a secularism which were abundant of the wishes
of longlife¡Bsensitive happiness and pursuing the merit in
future life. Those are very differnt from the conception of
Tan-Laun. Because he prefers to use the term "Pureland" in
substitude for the term of "Sukhavati". But his declaration
of "The Easily Way" that relies on the belief into Amita-
Buddha, is just to resolve the anxiety of "non-Buddha" caused
in the thought of expection the coming of Maitreya.
Consequently, in Tan-Laun's thought of Pureland, the
power of Amita-Buddha and the faith to Amita-Buddha is
emphasized. By the cotinous endeavourness of his followers
Dao-Chuo and Shan-Dao, finally the Chinese Pureland School
was built and a new religious world was started.